ArticleThe American journal of sports medicine2022
Arthroscopic Posterior Articular Coverage and Shift (PACS) Procedure for Treatment of Preosteoarthritic Constitutional Static Posterior Shoulder Instability (Type C1).
Article in The American journal of sports medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- [Posterior shoulder instability : Epidemiology, examination, and diagnostics].Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- [Static posterior humeral subluxation without osteoarthritis (posterior shoulder instability type C1) : Where does it come from and is there a solution?]Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Correction of Static Posterior Shoulder Subluxation Through Correction of Acromial and Glenoid Deformities (SCOPE) Is Maintained at 5 Years: A Concise Follow-up of a Previous Report.JBJS case connector · 2026Article
- Scapular Morphology and Posterior Shoulder Stability: Biomechanical Evidence From an Advanced Cadaveric Shoulder Simulator.The American journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- Preosteoarthritic static posterior humeral subluxation in young adults (posterior shoulder instability type C1): associative factors, diagnosis, and treatment.JSES reviews, reports, and techniques · 2025Review
- Scapular (glenoid and acromion) osteotomies for the treatment of posterior shoulder instability: technique and preliminary results.JSES international · 2025Article
- Good functional outcome but high rates of instability recurrence after posterior open-wedge glenoid osteotomy for the treatment of posterior shoulder instability with increased glenoid retroversion at mid-term follow-up.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2025Article
- Arthroscopic medial tenodesis of subscapularis tendon (AMTS) in static posterior shoulder dislocation (C1): a surgical technique.JSES reviews, reports, and techniques · 2024Article
- Outcomes of primary arthroscopic shoulder stabilization in active patients over 40-results at a mean follow-up of 7 years.JSES international · 2024Article
- Diagnosis and treatment of posterior shoulder instability based on the ABC classification.EFORT open reviews · 2024Review
- Differences in Osseous Shoulder Morphology, Scapulothoracic Orientation, and Muscle Volume in Patients With Constitutional Static Posterior Shoulder Instability (Type C1) Compared With Healthy Controls.The American journal of sports medicine · 2024Article
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9 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundDifferent joint-preserving techniques for treatment of preosteoarthritic, constitutional static (type C1) posterior shoulder instability (PSI) have been proposed, including posterior glenoid open wedge osteotomy and bone graft augmentation. However, the techniques are demanding, the reported complication and reoperation rates are high, and posterior decentering cannot reliably be reversed. PURPOSE: To assess the clinical and radiological longitudinal outcomes of patients with type C1 PSI after arthroscopic posterior articular coverage and shift (PACS) surgery. STUDY
designCase series; Level of evidence, 4.
methodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of a prospective database with longitudinal follow-up including 14 shoulders in 13 patients who underwent an arthroscopic PACS procedure for symptomatic preosteoarthritic constitutional static posterior instability (type C1) with previous failed nonoperative treatment. Patients were clinically evaluated before surgery and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively in terms of satisfaction and pain levels as well as standardized physical examination, Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) score, Constant score, and Rowe score. Preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained in all patients. A paired 2-sample
resultsAll outcome scores and the pain level improved significantly from preoperatively to postoperatively, and the improvement was sustained over the follow-up period of 2 years (pain level, 6.4 preoperatively vs 3.3 at 2 years,
conclusionOver the follow-up period of 2 years, the PACS procedure significantly improved outcome scores in patients who had preosteoarthritic constitutional static posterior shoulder instability, especially in younger patients with less severe glenoid retroversion and posterior decentering of the humeral head. However, similar to other techniques, the PACS procedure needs to be considered a symptomatic therapy that does not reverse the underlying cause or stop the progressive pathology.
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