ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2022
Insulinemic potential of diet and risk of total and subtypes of breast cancer among US females.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06635005 (A Low-Insulinemic Dietary Intervention to Reduce Breast Cancer Risk in High-Risk Women), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Low-Insulinemic Dietary Intervention to Reduce Breast Cancer Risk in High-Risk Women
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetically proxied preference for savoury foods and breast cancer risk: a Mendelian randomisation study.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- Genetic Evidence Links Gestational Diabetes Mellitus to Increased ER-Negative Breast Cancer Risk Through a Mendelian Randomization Analysis.International journal of endocrinology · 2026Article
- Serum nutrient profile and dietary patterns as predictors of tumor grade and molecular subtype in breast cancer patients.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Lower-Cost Nonsurgical Primary Prevention Strategies for Women at High Risk of Breast Cancer: A Scoping Review.The breast journal · 2026Article
- Cancer incidence and mortality risk: associations with diet quality scores in a predominantly low-income and Black cohort study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Metabolomic signatures of hypocaloric dietary interventions associate with breast cancer risk in the Nurses' Health Study II.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Proinflammatory dietary pattern and risk of total and subtypes of breast cancer among US women.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Insulinemic potential of diet and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Review
- Dietary and Lifestyle Insulinemic Potential Indices and Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome Among Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrition and metabolic insights · 2024Article
- Dietary and lifestyle indices for hyperinsulinemia and colorectal cancer risk: a case-control study.BMC gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Article
- The Triglyceride-glucose Index Predicts Short-Term Mortality in Critically Ill Patients With Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/HemostasisArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInsulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia play important roles in the progression of multiple chronic disease and conditions. Diet modulates insulin response; however, evidence is limited regarding whether diets with higher insulinemic potential increase the risk of invasive breast cancer.
objectivesWe aimed to prospectively evaluate the association between a food-based empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) and the incidence of invasive breast cancer.
methodsWe prospectively followed 76,686 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1984-2016) and 93,287 women from the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII; 1991-2017). Diet was assessed by food-frequency questionnaires every 4 y. The insulinemic potential of diet was evaluated using the previously established EDIH based on circulating C-peptide concentrations. Higher scores indicate higher insulinemic potential of the diet. Covariates included reproductive, hormonal, and anthropometric factors (height and BMI at age 18 y); race; socioeconomic status; total alcohol intake; total caloric intake; and physical activity.
resultsDuring 4,216,106 person-years of follow-up, we documented 10,602 breast cancer cases (6689 NHS, 3913 NHSII). In the pooled multivariable-adjusted analyses, women in the highest, compared with the lowest, EDIH quintile (Q) were at higher breast cancer risk (HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.24; P-trend < 0.01). Although heterogeneity by estrogen receptor (ER) status was nonsignificant, the strongest association between EDIH and breast cancer was observed for ER-negative tumors (HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.46; P-trend = 0.02). Among tumor molecular subtypes, the strongest associations were observed for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-enriched tumors (HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.61; P-trend = 0.02).
conclusionsA dietary pattern contributing to hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance was associated with greater breast cancer risk, especially ER-negative and HER2-enriched tumors. Our findings suggest that dietary modifications to reduce insulinemic potential may reduce the risk of breast cancer.
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