SynthesisFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2022
Comparative effects of different types of cardioplegia in cardiac surgery: A network meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- 2024 EACTS/EACTAIC/EBCP Guidelines on cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Guideline
- Comparison of routine del Nido cardioplegia vs two types of modified del Nido cardioplegias for myocardial protection among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgeries: A randomized double-blind clinical trial.The journal of extra-corporeal technology · 2024Trial
- Custodiol versus blood cardioplegia in pediatric cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of medical research · 2023Trial
- Comparison of intermittent antegrade cardioplegia and antegrade/retrograde cardioplegia in cardiac surgery: A propensity-matched analysis.Turk gogus kalp damar cerrahisi dergisi · 2026Article
- Cardioplegia strategy in isolated CABG: a comparative evaluation of del Nido, microplegia and St. Thomas II.General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2026Article
- Custodiol Versus Del Nido Cardioplegia in Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Repair-a Propensity Score-Matched Study.Interdisciplinary cardiovascular and thoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Cardioplegia Strategies in Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Replacement: An Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Modified Del Nido "microplegia" reduces intraoperative, postoperative, and total blood products.JTCVS open · 2026Article
- Comparing del Nido and St. Thomas II cardioplegia in a rat ischemia-reperfusion model: Histopathology, mitochondria, and TEM analysis.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Article
- Comparable renal effects of histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate and DelNido cardioplegia in a porcine model of cardiac arrest.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Saline-based modified del Nido cardioplegia versus multidose St. Thomas cardioplegia in canine mitral valve repair: A randomized controlled trial.Veterinary surgery : VS · 2025Article
- Impact of Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate Cardioplegia on Perioperative Prognosis in Surgery Patients for Combined Valvular and Coronary Heart Disease: A Retrospective Study.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Selective Vein Graft Cold Cardioplegia and Warm Reperfusion to Enhance Early Recovery in Patients with Left Ventricle Depression Undergoing Coronary Artery Surgery.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Article
- Comparison of the Effects of Blood Cardioplegia and Del Nido Cardioplegia on Postoperative Intensive Care Needs, Drainage, and Renal Functions in Patients Undergoing Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass.Brazilian journal of cardiovascular surgery · 2025Article
- Article
- 2024 EACTS/EACTAIC/EBCP Guidelines on cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery.Interdisciplinary cardiovascular and thoracic surgery · 2025Article
- 2024 EACTS/EACTAIC/EBCP Guidelines on cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery.European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery · 2025Article
- Optimizing Myocardial Protection in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgeries: A Network Comparison of Del Nido, Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate, and Blood Cardioplegia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Comparison of Del Nido and histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate cardioplegia solutions: an animal study with prolonged ischaemia.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Comparison of "Huaxi-1" or "histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate" cardioplegia in an animal model.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To compare the outcomes of four types of cardioplegia during cardiac surgery: del Nido (DN), blood cardioplegia (BC), histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) and St. Thomas. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational cohort studies from 2005 to 2021 were identified in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Data were extracted for the primary endpoint of perioperative mortality as well as the following secondary endpoints: atrial fibrillation, renal failure, stroke, use of an intra-aortic balloon pump, re-exploration, intensive care unit stay and hospital stay. A network meta-analysis comparing all four types of cardioplegia was performed, as well as direct meta-analysis comparing pairs of cardioplegia types. Results: Data were extracted from 18 RCTs and 49 observational cohort studies involving 18,191 adult patients (55 studies) and 1,634 children (12 studies). Among adult patients, risk of mortality was significantly higher for HTK (1.89, 95% CI 1.10, 3.52) and BC (RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.22, 2.79) than for DN. Risk of atrial fibrillation was significantly higher for BC (RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.09, 1.86) and DN (RR 1.51, 95% CI 1.15, 2.03) than for HTK. Among pediatric patients, no significant differences in endpoints were observed among the four types of cardioplegia. Conclusions: This network meta-analysis suggests that among adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery, DN may be associated with lower perioperative mortality than HTK or BC, while risk of atrial fibrillation may be lower with HTK than with BC or DN.
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