Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36176779›Full record

ReviewRisk management and healthcare policy2022

An Overview of HPV Screening Tests to Improve Access to Cervical Cancer Screening Amongst Underserved Populations: From Development to Implementation.

Kehinde S Okunade, Adebola A Adejimi, Sarah O John-Olabode, Yusuf A Oshodi, Ayodeji A Oluwole

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Risk management and healthcare policy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers for Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Kehinde S OkunadeDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-0957-7389
Adebola A AdejimiDepartment of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0003-3535-7344
Sarah O John-OlabodeDepartment of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0001-7130-9812
Yusuf A OshodiDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria.
Ayodeji A OluwoleDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
University of Lagos · NGLagos State University · NG

Funding

Neuro HPA Project 1U54AG062334 · NIA · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Ighovwerha Ofotokun · 2018 to 2026
$12.2M
Partnership for Global Health Research Training Program (Renewal)-Supplement for OBSSR, NCI, NCI-AIDS and NIDCDD43TW010543 · FIC · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI Wafaie W Fawzi, DAVIDSON HOWES HAMER · 2017 to 2026
$12.1M
Building Research And Innovation in Nigeria's Science - (BRAINS)D43TW010134 · FIC · COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS · PI OGUNSOLA, FOLASADE TOLULOPE · 2015 to 2020
$3.2M
Nigeria HIV Research Training ProgramD43TW010934 · FIC · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Ighovwerha Ofotokun · 2019 to 2026
$2.4M
COMParative ASSessment of p16/Ki-67 DUal Staining Technology in women living with HIV (COMPASS-DUST study)K43TW011930 · FIC · COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS · PI KEHINDE SHARAFADEEN OKUNADE · 2022 to 2026
$500k
FIC NIH HHS D43 TW010134FIC NIH HHS D43 TW010543FIC NIH HHS D43 TW010934FIC NIH HHS K43 TW011930NIA NIH HHS U54 AG062334
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cervical cancer is the most common human papillomavirus (HPV)-related disease. Knowledge of the natural history and aetiology of cervical cancer offers unique opportunities for its prevention, and the development of HPV screening tests is one of the most effective strategies. The current HPV diagnostics detect HPV DNA or E6/E7 mRNA in cervical/vaginal samples using molecular-based technologies. HPV screening tests are more sensitive than cytology or visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) as a primary screening method and are even more clinically valuable in triaging mild cytological abnormalities as a hybrid test. As technical and laboratory resources are grossly limited in marginalized or underserved settings which thus require that women travel long distances for screening and treatment. The practical implementation of an HPV-based screening programme may face many challenges and measures should be instituted to overcome these challenges without compromising disease detection. These measures may include a reduction in screening frequency using the WHO global strategy of offering HPV screening tests at 35 and 45 years of age, adoption of a high throughput testing technology, and improved access to vaginal HPV self-sampling screening tests to women in remote settings or those who are reluctant to undergo gynecologic examination. Another important strategy is the implementation of a "see-and-treat" approach using a point-of-care platform that requires limited skills of laboratory technicians. In addition, the development and large-scale incorporation of more specific HPV testing technologies that are much cheaper and easier to use in non-laboratory settings than the currently available options should be prioritized for underserved settings. At the same time, there is a need to develop and commence the implementation of an affordable and readily available intermediate or secondary test with optimal specificity for triaging or segregating clinically unimportant HPV infections that do not require colposcopy.

Indexed as

cervical cancercytologyE6/E7 mRNAHPV self-samplingVIA

Identifiers

PMID36176779
PMCPMC9514784
OpenAlexW4296895382

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.