ReviewMedical oncology (Northwood, London, England)2022
Tumor immune microenvironment and systemic response in breast cancer.
Review in Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Programmed cell death and metastatic evolution in breast cancer: the role of anoikis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Transcriptomic profiles from normal and tumor tissue samples reveal distinct venule populations and novel tumor endothelial cell markers in breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- FBR-NDs: a ferroptosis-inducing nanocomplex for targeted breast cancer therapy via immune modulation and redox-responsive drug delivery.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Unveiling the key mechanisms of FOLR2+ macrophage-mediated antitumor immunity in breast cancer using integrated single-cell RNA sequencing and bulk RNA sequencing.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Spermidine potentiates anti-tumor immune responses and immunotherapy sensitivity in breast cancer.Journal of Cancer · 2025Article
- Identification of the Molecular Subtype and Prognostic Characteristics of Breast Cancer Based on Tumor-Infiltrating Regulatory T Cells.The breast journal · 2025Article
- GLS and GOT2 as prognostic biomarkers associated with dendritic cell and immunotherapy response in breast cancer.Heliyon · 2024Article
- A bibliometric analysis of drug resistance in immunotherapy for breast cancer: trends, themes, and research focus.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Emergence of immune-related adverse events correlates with pathological complete response in patients receiving pembrolizumab for early triple-negative breast cancer.Oncoimmunology · 2023Article
- Occupational exposure to pesticides dysregulates systemic Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines and correlates with poor clinical outcomes in breast cancer patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that target programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), have revolutionized cancer treatment. ICIs are effective against breast cancer, and their efficacy against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been reported. The efficacy of immunotherapy is related to the tumor immune microenvironment. In particular, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, hypoxia, and mitochondria in the tumor microenvironment are closely associated with anti-tumor immunity. Moreover, breast cancer (BC) tumors exhibit high heterogeneity; however, identification of effective biomarkers, via tissue biopsies, is limited owing to the invasiveness of the procedure. Therefore, it is crucial to develop non-invasive protocols (e.g., blood and fecal sampling) to identify components of the tumor immune microenvironment that reflect the systemic immune response, for the characterization of immunotherapy biomarkers. Herein, we review the relationship among systemic immune responses-via liquid biopsy analysis-the microbiome, and the tumor immune microenvironment in BC, while characterizing prospective biomarkers. Relationship between TIME and systemic response in breast cancer.
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