ArticleBMJ open2022
Comparison of two skin protection regimes for the Prevention of Incontinence-associated Dermatitis in geriatric care (PID): a study protocol for an exploratory randomised controlled pragmatic trial.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05403762 (Comparison of Two Skin Protection Regimes for the Prevention of Incontinence-associated Dermatitis in Geriatric Care), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of Two Skin Protection Regimes for the Prevention of Incontinence-associated Dermatitis in Geriatric Care: an Exploratory Trial (PID)
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Skin cleansers and leave-on product interventions for preventing incontinence-associated dermatitis in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Structured Skin Care Using Silicone Barrier Spray Compared with Zinc Oxide Ointment for Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis in Long-Term Care Residents: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Trial
- Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis in Older Adults: A Critical Review of Risk Factors, Prevention and Management.Drugs & aging · 2025Review
- Efficacy of modified isolation in incontinence associated dermatitis.American journal of translational research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe majority of aged long-term care receivers and patients in geriatric acute care are affected by some form of incontinence. These individuals are at risk of developing incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD), a common type of irritant contact dermatitis caused by repeated and prolonged direct contact of the skin with urine and stool. The prevalence of IAD in these settings is high. Preventive measures include mild skin cleansing and the application of skin protecting leave-on products. Available evidence is weak regarding the comparative performance of different skin protection strategies and products due to a lack of confirmatory trials using relevant comparators and endpoints. Therefore, the overall aim of this exploratory trial is to compare the effects of three skin protection strategies to estimate effect sizes of the recently published core outcomes in IAD research. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A pragmatic three-arm, assessor-blinded, randomised controlled, exploratory trial with parallel group design will be performed, comparing film-forming and lipophilic skin protecting leave-on products for IAD prevention with standard incontinence care alone. The trial will be conducted in geriatric nursing homes and geriatric acute care settings in the federal state of Berlin, Germany. A total of n=210 participants being incontinent of urine and stool will be included. Outcomes include IAD incidence, erythema, erosion, maceration, IAD-related pain, patient satisfaction, safety, feasibility and compliance. IAD incidence of the control and intervention groups will be compared to estimate effect sizes, and the procedural feasibility of the intervention will be tested to plan a possible subsequent confirmatory randomised controlled trial. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study received the approval of the ethics committee of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (EA4/043/22). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed open-access journals and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05403762) and German Clinical Trials Register (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien, or DRKS) (DRKS00028954).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.