ArticlePloS one2022
Etiology and pattern of maxillofacial trauma.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of Cosmetic Debridement and Suture With Recombinant Human EGF in Maxillofacial Trauma: A Meta-Analysis.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Pooled it
- Quantifying the Severity of Facial Trauma in a Bulgarian Cohort Using the Comprehensive Facial Injury Score.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- Preoperative CT displacement predicts inferior alveolar nerve injury in mandibular fractures: a tool for clinical risk stratification.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- An Exploratory Study on Injury Patterns and Clinical Characteristics of Sports-Related Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Facial Injury Score and Facial Injury Severity Score as Injury Severity Indicators: A Comparative Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Frequency and patterns of craniomaxillofacial surgery during and after COVID-19: analysis of the Japanese national database.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026Article
- The Case of Severe Wound Myiasis Caused by a Minor Injury Sustained by a Spectator During a Tip-Cat-Sport.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Surgical precision and clinical outcomes of 3D preformed titanium mesh in orbital blowout fracture reconstruction: a comparative study from Thailand.Archives of craniofacial surgery · 2026Article
- Article
- A Retrospective Study of the Presentation, Imaging Findings, and Outcomes in 195 Patients with Maxillofacial Fractures Treated with Closed Reduction or Open Reduction with Internal Fixation.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Article
- [Early warning model of postoperative infection of internal fixation device in maxillofacial fracture based on the synthetic minority over-sampling technique algorithm].Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology · 2025Article
- Factors Affecting the Frequency of Maxillofacial Injuries in Jahrom, Iran.Journal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran) · 2025Article
- Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of oral cavity-derived exosomes in oral and maxillofacial tissue engineering: current advances and future perspectives.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- A comparison of isolated mandibular fractures and pattern of fractures of the mandible in cases with panfacial fractures - A study from 2007 to 2024 in a highest-level German trauma centre on 2056 patients with mandibular fractures.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2025Article
- Correlation of Pattern and Presentation of Maxillofacial Injuries with Seatbelt Law Compliance in Saudi Arabia.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Article
- Detection rate of dental trauma and maxillofacial injuries in high-energy polytrauma patients on total body CT: incidence and underestimation.Emergency radiology · 2025Article
- Frequency and patterns of CMF emergency cases during and after COVID-19.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2025Article
- Retrospective Analysis of the Pattern and Incidence of Maxillofacial Emergencies: A Hospital-Based Study.Cureus · 2025Article
- Interpersonal Violence-Related Facial Fractures: 12-Year Trends and Surgical Outcomes in a Southern European Level-I Trauma Centre.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionMaxillofacial trauma can be limited to superficial lacerations, abrasions, and facial bone fractures. The objective of this study was to determine the etiology, pattern, and predictors of soft tissue and bony injuries. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis study was conducted in the department of maxillofacial surgery Lady Reading hospital Pakistan from Jan 2019 to June 2021. The nonprobability consecutive sampling technique was used for the selection of patients. All patients were assessed clinically and radiologically. The neurosensory examination was done for any altered sensation, anesthesia, or paresthesia. Motor nerve function was also assessed clinically. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. The etiology and pattern of maxillofacial trauma were stratified among age and genders using the chi-square test to see effect modifiers. Tests for regression analysis were also applied. P≤0.05 was considered significant.
resultsA total of 253 patients meeting inclusion criteria were included in this study. The majority of these patients were males, 223 (88.1%), while only 30 (11.9%) were females. The mean age for the group was 25.4 ± 12.6 years. RTAs were the most common causes of trauma (63.6%) followed by assault (15.0%), falls (11.5%), FAIs (5.9%), and sports (0.4%). The most vulnerable skeletal part was the mandible (22.9%) followed by Zygoma (7.1%), significantly predicted by RTAs. Soft tissue laceration analysis showed a high frequency of multiple lacerations (38%) significantly predicted by FAIs. The frequency of trigeminal nerve injury was 5.5% (14 patients) and that of the facial nerve was 1.6% (4 patients). The strongest association of nerve injury was with firearm injury (47%), followed by road traffic accidents and sports injuries.
conclusionRoad traffic accident was the most common etiological factor and mandible fracture was commonly predicted by RTA. Trigeminal nerve injuries were common, frequency of nerve injuries was highly associated with mandible fracture and was predicted by FAI.
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