ReviewSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2022
New Horizons in Carbohydrate Research and Application for Endurance Athletes.
Review in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Exploring the gut-exercise link: A systematic review of gastrointestinal disorders in physical activity.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Low-Versus High-Carbohydrate Isocaloric Diets on Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics in Healthy Trained Cyclists: A Randomized Crossover Trial.European journal of sport science · 2026Trial
- Carbohydrate mouth-rinsing does not rescue simulated time trial performance in trained endurance cyclists following a 5-day ketogenic diet.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Trial
- Comparative effects of continuous glucose monitoring-informed and traditional interval-based carbohydrate refueling protocols on endurance exercise responses: an exploratory study.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Trial
- Effect of Low-To-Moderate Exogenous Carbohydrate Supplementation on Time to Exhaustion During Constant Load Intense Cycling in Healthy Individuals. A Double-Blind, Randomised and Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial.European journal of sport science · 2025Trial
- Dose-response effect of pre-exercise carbohydrates under muscle glycogen unavailability: Insights from McArdle disease.Journal of sport and health science · 2024Trial
- Seasonal changes in energy intake and emerging indicators of energy availability in young elite Nordic skiers.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Article
- Harnessing the power of date fruit: nutritional, bioactive, and functional roles in sustainable nutrition.Biodegradation · 2026Review
- From Metabolism to Medals: Contemporary Perspectives and Revisiting Carbohydrate Guidelines for Fueling Endurance Athletes during Exercise.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Review
- Does a low-carbohydrate diet impede endurance sports performance? Yes.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Partial characterization and evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of a water soluble polysaccharide isolated from Euphorbia hebecarpa roots.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Comparative effects of a glucose-fructose bar, glucose-fructose hydrogel and maltodextrin gel on carbohydrate oxidation and sprint performance in Tier 2 athletes.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Carbohydrate Ingestion on Exercise Metabolism and Physical Performance.Endocrine reviews · 2026Review
- Training-Fuel Coupling (TFC): A Molecular Sports Nutrition Framework for Energy Availability, Chrono-Nutrition, and Performance Optimization.Nutrients · 2026Review
- A Narrative Review of the High-Carbohydrate Fueling Revolution (≥ 100 g/h) in the Professional Peloton.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- The Role of FODMAPs in Sports Nutrition: A Narrative Review and Clinical Implications.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Reflections on dental disease prevention in sub-elite competitive endurance sports: a mixed-methods analysis.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluation of food consumption, energy availability and adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern in a group of non-professional athletes.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Fatigue in Final Hour of an Ironman Triathlon with Absence of Carbohydrate Supplementation: A Retrospective Case Study.International journal of exercise science · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The importance of carbohydrate as a fuel source for exercise and athletic performance is well established. Equally well developed are dietary carbohydrate intake guidelines for endurance athletes seeking to optimize their performance. This narrative review provides a contemporary perspective on research into the role of, and application of, carbohydrate in the diet of endurance athletes. The review discusses how recommendations could become increasingly refined and what future research would further our understanding of how to optimize dietary carbohydrate intake to positively impact endurance performance. High carbohydrate availability for prolonged intense exercise and competition performance remains a priority. Recent advances have been made on the recommended type and quantity of carbohydrates to be ingested before, during and after intense exercise bouts. Whilst reducing carbohydrate availability around selected exercise bouts to augment metabolic adaptations to training is now widely recommended, a contemporary view of the so-called train-low approach based on the totality of the current evidence suggests limited utility for enhancing performance benefits from training. Nonetheless, such studies have focused importance on periodizing carbohydrate intake based on, among other factors, the goal and demand of training or competition. This calls for a much more personalized approach to carbohydrate recommendations that could be further supported through future research and technological innovation (e.g., continuous glucose monitoring). Despite more than a century of investigations into carbohydrate nutrition, exercise metabolism and endurance performance, there are numerous new important discoveries, both from an applied and mechanistic perspective, on the horizon.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.