ArticleThe Plant cell2023
The evening complex promotes maize flowering and adaptation to temperate regions.
Article in The Plant cell, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multimodal single cell analysis reveals a link between flowering and leaf initiation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A domestication-selected CIPK-MYB-HAK module improves salt tolerance in modern maize.Nature plants · 2026Article
- Diurnal dynamics of maize gene expression is associated with phyllosphere microbiome composition.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2026Article
- Designed Alleles of ZmRap2.7 Decouple the Trade-Off Between Early Flowering and Yield Penalty.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Multiomics analysis of primary metabolism reveals the genetic basis of nitrogen partitioning modulated by ZmAVT1A-1 in maize.Nature genetics · 2026Article
- Genome and transcriptome analyses reveal parallel altitude adaptation in Chenopodium.Genome biology · 2026Article
- The ZmCOP1s-ZmCOL3 Module Enhances Late Flowering, Grain Yield and Grain Quality in Maize.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Natural Variation of TaSG-D1-TaWRKY53 Module Regulates Heading Date in Wheat.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Benchmarking Feature Selection Methods and Prediction Models for Flowering Time Prediction in Maize.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Unlocking tropical adaptation: novel flowering time genes implicate JA and ROS signaling in maize.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Identification of QTLs and new candidate genes affecting ear shank length via BSA-seq and transcriptomic analysis in maize.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Article
- Decades' progress and prospects on maize functional genomics and molecular breeding.Science China. Life sciences · 2025Review
- The FKF1-ELF3-PRC2 module regulates flowering time in response to light in temperate grasses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The blue light receptor ZmFKF1a recruits ZmGI1 to the nucleus to accelerate shoot apex development and flowering in maize.The Plant cell · 2025Article
- Blue light calling: ZmFKF1a and ZmGI1 team up to trigger maize flowering.The Plant cell · 2025Article
- Transcriptional activation and repression in the plant circadian clock: Revisiting core oscillator feedback loops and output pathways.Plant communications · 2025Review
- A reaction norm for flowering time plasticity reveals physiological footprints of maize adaptation.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Article
- Arabidopsis as a model for translational research.The Plant cell · 2025Review
- A LTR retrotransposon insertion leads to leafy phenotype in maize by elevating ZmOM66 expression.Nature communications · 2025Article
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23 authors.
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Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) originated in southern Mexico and has spread over a wide latitudinal range. Maize expansion from tropical to temperate regions has necessitated a reduction of its photoperiod sensitivity. In this study, we cloned a quantitative trait locus (QTL) regulating flowering time in maize and show that the maize ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana EARLY FLOWERING3, ZmELF3.1, is the causal locus. We demonstrate that ZmELF3.1 and ZmELF3.2 proteins can physically interact with ZmELF4.1/4.2 and ZmLUX1/2, to form evening complex(es; ECs) in the maize circadian clock. Loss-of-function mutants for ZmELF3.1/3.2 and ZmLUX1/2 exhibited delayed flowering under long-day and short-day conditions. We show that EC directly represses the expression of several flowering suppressor genes, such as the CONSTANS, CONSTANS-LIKE, TOC1 (CCT) genes ZmCCT9 and ZmCCT10, ZmCONSTANS-LIKE 3, and the PSEUDORESPONSE REGULATOR (PRR) genes ZmPRR37a and ZmPRR73, thus alleviating their inhibition, allowing florigen gene expression and promoting flowering. Further, we identify two closely linked retrotransposons located in the ZmELF3.1 promoter that regulate the expression levels of ZmELF3.1 and may have been positively selected during postdomestication spread of maize from tropical to temperate regions during the pre-Columbian era. These findings provide insights into circadian clock-mediated regulation of photoperiodic flowering in maize and new targets of genetic improvement for breeding.
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