ArticleThe Journal of international medical research2022
Type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by PD-1 inhibitors in China: a report of two cases.
Article in The Journal of international medical research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Successful treatment of nivolumab and ipilimumab triggered type 1 diabetes by using sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor: a case report and systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Pembrolizumab-induced type-1 diabetes mellitus: clinical characteristics, therapeutic strategies, and prognosis from a retrospective analysis of 43 published cases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Blood glucose variability in early-onset adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy with continuous blood glucose monitoring: a case report.Diabetology international · 2026Article
- Case Report: Successful rechallenge of cadonilimab-induced cystitis, adrenal insufficiency, and diabetic ketoacidosis in a patient with metastatic gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immune-related adverse events associated with immunotherapy may affect endocrine glands and other tissues. Two Chinese patients with malignancies were treated with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) and followed up with biochemical tests over 1 year. After PD-1 treatment for 6 to 10 months, the patients developed symptoms of diabetes, ketoacidosis, and insulin secretion failure. Type 1 diabetes mellitus was confirmed by the characteristic fluctuation of blood glucose that was controlled with multiple daily insulin injections. Neither patient's insulin depletion status was reversed in subsequent years. To decrease the life-threatening complications of diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome and ketoacidosis caused by type 1 diabetes mellitus, it is necessary to monitor the blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels. Islet β-cell autoantibodies and human leukocyte antigen genes can provide additional information in select cases.
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Registered trials
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