ArticleFluids and barriers of the CNS2022
The effect of A1 and A2 reactive astrocyte expression on hydrocephalus shunt failure.
Article in Fluids and barriers of the CNS, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
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- CXCR3 Deficiency Alleviates Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss by Regulating Neuron-Astrocyte Communication in a Mouse Model of Glaucoma.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- MicroRNAs Modulating Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease.Inflammation · 2025Review
- Exosomes: a promising microenvironment modulator for spinal cord injury treatment.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Short-Term Effects of Gamma Stimulation on Neuroinflammation at the Tissue-Electrode Interface in Motor Cortex.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2024Article
- Article
- Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Failure and Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Environmental aluminum oxide inducing neurodegeneration in human neurovascular unit with immunity.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The role of glial autophagy in Alzheimer's disease.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Review
- TL1A promotes the postoperative cognitive dysfunction in mice through NLRP3-mediated A1 differentiation of astrocytes.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Article
- Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Coated Catheters Decrease Astrocyte Adhesion and Improve Flow/Pressure Performance in an Invitro Model of Hydrocephalus.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe composition of tissue obstructing neuroprosthetic devices is largely composed of inflammatory cells with a significant astrocyte component. In a first-of-its-kind study, we profile the astrocyte phenotypes present on hydrocephalus shunts.
methodsqPCR and RNA in-situ hybridization were used to quantify pro-inflammatory (A1) and anti-inflammatory (A2) reactive astrocyte phenotypes by analyzing C3 and EMP1 genes, respectively. Additionally, CSF cytokine levels were quantified using ELISA. In an in vitro model of astrocyte growth on shunts, different cytokines were used to prevent the activation of resting astrocytes into the A1 and A2 phenotypes. Obstructed and non-obstructed shunts were characterized based on the degree of actual tissue blockage on the shunt surface instead of clinical diagnosis.
resultsThe results showed a heterogeneous population of A1 and A2 reactive astrocytes on the shunts with obstructed shunts having a significantly higher proportion of A2 astrocytes compared to non-obstructed shunts. In addition, the pro-A2 cytokine IL-6 inducing proliferation of astrocytes was found at higher concentrations among CSF from obstructed samples. Consequently, in the in vitro model of astrocyte growth on shunts, cytokine neutralizing antibodies were used to prevent activation of resting astrocytes into the A1 and A2 phenotypes which resulted in a significant reduction in both A1 and A2 growth.
conclusionsTherefore, targeting cytokines involved with astrocyte A1 and A2 activation is a promising intervention aimed to prevent shunt obstruction.
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