ArticleScientific reports2022
The evolutionary footprint of influenza A subtype H3N2 strains in Bangladesh: implication of vaccine strain selection.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Emergence of the novel PA-D27G mutation conferring reduced baloxavir susceptibility in influenza A viruses circulating in China, 2018-2025.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Pre-pandemic contraction, phase-specific rate variation, and site-specific antigenic adaptation shape influenza A(H3N2) evolutionary dynamics in Hubei, China.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Strain Matching of Seasonal Influenza Vaccines and Emergence of Neuraminidase Inhibitor Resistance in China from 2015 to 2025.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Evolutionary patterns of pH1N1 and H3N2 in relation to vaccine use.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Identification of Natural Terpenoid Compounds as Potential Inhibitors of Nucleoprotein of Influenza A Virus usingMedicinal chemistry (Shariqah (United Arab Emirates)) · 2025Article
- Evolution of Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses in Bhutan for Two Consecutive Years, 2022 and 2023.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2024Article
- The convergent evolution of influenza A virus: Implications, therapeutic strategies and what we need to know.Current research in microbial sciences · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In February each year, World Health Organization (WHO) recommends candidate vaccine viruses for the forthcoming northern hemisphere (NH) season; however, the influenza season in the temperate zone of NH begins in October. During egg- or cell culture-propagation, the vaccine viruses become too old to confer the highest match with the latest strains, impacting vaccine effectiveness. Therefore, an alternative strategy like mRNA-based vaccine using the most recent strains should be considered. We analyzed influenza A subtype H3N2 strains circulating in NH during the last 10 years (2009-2020). Phylogenetic analysis revealed multiple clades of influenza strains circulating every season, which had substantial mismatches with WHO-recommended vaccine strains. The clustering pattern suggests that influenza A subtype H3N2 strains are not fixed to the specific geographical region but circulate globally in the same season. By analyzing 39 seasons from eight NH countries with the highest vaccine coverage, we also provide evidence that the influenza A, subtype H3N2 strains from South and Southeast Asia, including Bangladesh, had the highest genetic proximity to the NH strains. Furthermore, insilico analysis showed minimal effect on the Bangladeshi HA protein structure, indicating the stability of Bangladeshi strains. Therefore, we propose that Bangladeshi influenza strains represent genetic makeup that may better fit and serve as the most suitable candidate vaccine viruses for the forthcoming NH season.
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