Observational studyPloS one2022
The first 20 months of the COVID-19 pandemic: Mortality, intubation and ICU rates among 104,590 patients hospitalized at 21 United States health systems.
Observational study in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04506528 (COVID EHR COHORT at the University of Wisconsin), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
COVID EHR COHORT at the University of Wisconsin
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- California Healthy Places Index and COVID-19 hospitalization risk: a patient-level analysis.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Alcohol-associated liver disease is associated with less adverse outcomes compared to nonalcohol-associated liver disease in patients with COVID-19.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Observational
- Hospital outcomes for young adults with COVID-19.Global epidemiology · 2024Article
- COVID-19 outcomes among patients with dementia and age-matched controls who were hospitalized in 21 US health-care systems.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders by COVID-19 Status Throughout the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Chest · 2024Article
- Explaining COVID-19 related mortality disparities in American Indians and Alaska Natives.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- COVID-19 pandemic in the intensive care unit: Psychological implications and interventions, a systematic review.World journal of psychiatry · 2023Article
- Article
- Anakinra authorized to treat severe coronavirus disease 2019; Sepsis breakthrough or time to reflect?Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
49 authors.
Funding
Abstract
MAIN
objectiveThere is limited information on how patient outcomes have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study characterizes changes in mortality, intubation, and ICU admission rates during the first 20 months of the pandemic. STUDY DESIGN AND
methodsUniversity of Wisconsin researchers collected and harmonized electronic health record data from 1.1 million COVID-19 patients across 21 United States health systems from February 2020 through September 2021. The analysis comprised data from 104,590 adult hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Inclusion criteria for the analysis were: (1) age 18 years or older; (2) COVID-19 ICD-10 diagnosis during hospitalization and/or a positive COVID-19 PCR test in a 14-day window (+/- 7 days of hospital admission); and (3) health system contact prior to COVID-19 hospitalization. Outcomes assessed were: (1) mortality (primary), (2) endotracheal intubation, and (3) ICU admission. RESULTS AND SIGNIFICANCE: The 104,590 hospitalized participants had a mean age of 61.7 years and were 50.4% female, 24% Black, and 56.8% White. Overall risk-standardized mortality (adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnicity, body mass index, insurance status and medical comorbidities) declined from 16% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients (95% CI: 16% to 17%) early in the pandemic (February-April 2020) to 9% (CI: 9% to 10%) later (July-September 2021). Among subpopulations, males (vs. females), those on Medicare (vs. those on commercial insurance), the severely obese (vs. normal weight), and those aged 60 and older (vs. younger individuals) had especially high mortality rates both early and late in the pandemic. ICU admission and intubation rates also declined across these 20 months.
conclusionsMortality, intubation, and ICU admission rates improved markedly over the first 20 months of the pandemic among adult hospitalized COVID-19 patients although gains varied by subpopulation. These data provide important information on the course of COVID-19 and identify hospitalized patient groups at heightened risk for negative outcomes.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04506528 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04506528).
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