ArticleSleep2022
Glutamatergic pedunculopontine tegmental neurons control wakefulness and locomotion via distinct axonal projections.
Article in Sleep, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efferent projections of topographically distinct relaxin family peptide receptor-3 (RXFP3) lateral hypothalamus/zona incerta cells.Brain structure & function · 2026Article
- Acetylcholine in Brain-Body Communication: Biological Mechanisms and Physiological Roles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Role of Dorsomedial Periaqueductal Gray Glutamatergic Neurons in Promoting Arousal under Multiple General Anesthetics in Mice.Anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Mechanistic insights into the sleep-glymphopathy-cerebral small vessel disease loop: implications for epilepsy pathophysiology and therapy.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Glutamatergic Circuits in the Pedunculopontine Nucleus Modulate Multiple Motor Functions.Neuroscience bulletin · 2024Article
- The regulation of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus in sleep-wake states.Sleep and biological rhythms · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
STUDY
objectivesThe pedunculopontine tegmental (PPT) nucleus is implicated in many brain functions, ranging from sleep/wake control and locomotion, to reward mechanisms and learning. The PPT contains cholinergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurons with extensive ascending and descending axonal projections. Glutamatergic PPT (PPTvGlut2) neurons are thought to promote wakefulness, but the mechanisms through which this occurs are unknown. In addition, some researchers propose that PPTvGlut2 neurons promote locomotion, yet even though the PPT is a target for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease, the role of the PPT in locomotion is debated. We hypothesized that PPTvGluT2 neurons drive arousal and specific waking behaviors via certain projections and modulate locomotion via others.
methodsWe mapped the axonal projections of PPTvGlut2 neurons using conditional anterograde tracing and then photostimulated PPTvGlut2 soma or their axon terminal fields across sleep/wake states and analyzed sleep/wake behavior, muscle activity, and locomotion in transgenic mice.
resultsWe found that stimulation of PPTvGlut2 soma and their axon terminals rapidly triggered arousals from non-rapid eye movement sleep, especially with activation of terminals in the basal forebrain (BF) and lateral hypothalamus (LH). With photoactivation of PPTvGlut2 terminals in the BF and LH, this wakefulness was accompanied by locomotion and other active behaviors, but stimulation of PPTvGlut2 soma and terminals in the substantia nigra triggered only quiet wakefulness without locomotion.
conclusionsThese findings demonstrate the importance of the PPTvGluT2 neurons in driving various aspects of arousal and show that heterogeneous brain nuclei, such as the PPT, can promote a variety of behaviors via distinct axonal projections.
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