ArticleCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2022
Metal ions in cerebrospinal fluid: Associations with anxiety, depression, and insomnia among cigarette smokers.
Article in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of cerebrospinal fluid metal ion profiles with depressive symptoms in active smokers: a cross-sectional network analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Association between fibroblast growth factor 19 and depressive symptoms: the moderating role of smoking.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2025Article
- A prospective study of a whole blood metal mixture and depressive symptoms among Black women from Detroit, Michigan.Neurotoxicology · 2025Article
- Mediation Effect of Relaxin in Cerebrospinal Fluid on the Association Between Smoking and Sleep.Nature and science of sleep · 2025Article
- Iron homeostasis and ferroptosis in human diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Changes in metabolic hormones and trace elements in CSF in active smokers indicate oxidative damage to brain cells.Endocrine connections · 2024Article
- Deciphering Post-Stroke Sleep Disorders: Unveiling Neurological Mechanisms in the Realm of Brain Science.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Nitric Oxide Synthase is a Potential Mediator Between Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Sleep Disorders.Nature and science of sleep · 2024Article
- Association of blood cadmium, lead, and mercury with anxiety: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2007-2012.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Targeting the ferroptosis crosstalk: novel alternative strategies for the treatment of major depressive disorder.General psychiatry · 2023Review
- Metal ions in cerebrospinal fluid: Associations with anxiety, depression, and insomnia among cigarette smokers.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe study aimed to investigate the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metal ions and anxiety, depression, and insomnia among cigarette smokers.
methodsWe measured CSF levels of various metal ions from 178 Chinese male subjects. Apart from sociodemographic and clinical characteristics data, the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were applied.
resultsBDI and PSQI scores (all p < 0.001) were significantly higher in active smokers than nonsmokers. Active smokers have significantly higher CSF levels of magnesium, zinc, iron, lead, lithium, and aluminum (all p ≤ 0.002). Some metal ions, including zinc, iron, lead, and aluminum, were found to have a significant correlation with BDI scores, whereas metal ions, including zinc and lead, were found to have a significant correlation with PSQI scores in the general group. More interesting, mediation analysis showed that aluminum mediated the relationship between smoking and depression.
conclusionsCigarette smoking was indeed associated with depression and insomnia. Active smokers had significantly higher CSF levels of magnesium, zinc, iron, lead, lithium, and aluminum. Furthermore, CSF aluminum played a mediating role in the relationship between smoking and depression, which further confirmed its neurotoxicity.
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