ArticleHealth psychology research2022
Gender Dysphoria and Its Non-Surgical and Surgical Treatments.
Article in Health psychology research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gender reassignment and neurosurgical implications: a narrative review.Chinese neurosurgical journal · 2026Review
- Nutritional Monitoring During Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy: Body Composition and Metabolic Implications.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Gender-Affirming Bilateral Orchiectomy for the Urogynecologist.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Gender-Affirming Surgical Needs in a National Sample of Transgender and Gender Diverse Veterans.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Adolescent gender dysphoria management: position paper from the Italian Academy of Pediatrics, the Italian Society of Pediatrics, the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, the Italian Society of Adolescent Medicine and the Italian Society of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Breast and cervical cancer in transgender men: literature review and a case report.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2024Article
- Penile Microdissection: A Live Donor Feasibility Study in Feminizing Gender-Affirming Surgery.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Enhancing Nursing Education to Address LGBTQ+ Healthcare Needs: Perspectives from the Philippines.SAGE open nursingArticle
- MANAGEMENT OF GENDER-AFFIRMING PATIENTS - A PLASTIC SURGERY PERSPECTIVE.Acta endocrinologica (Bucharest, Romania : 2005)Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gender dysphoria is defined by severe or persistent distress associated with an incongruence between one's gender identity and biological sex. It is estimated that 1.4 million Americans and 25 million people worldwide identify as transgender and that 0.6% of Americans experience gender dysphoria. The pathophysiology of gender dysphoria is multifactorial and incompletely understood. Genetics, androgen exposure, neuroanatomy, brain connectivity, history of trauma, parents with psychological disorders, and being raised by less than two parents are associated with gender dysphoria. Gender dysphoria most frequently presents in early teenage years but can present earlier or later. Anxiety and depression are the two most common comorbid diagnoses and may be the reason for presentation to medical care. Diagnosis is established through history and or validated questionnaires. Treatment includes psychosocial therapy, pharmacotherapy for underlying depression and/or anxiety, hormonal therapy, non-genital and/or genital feminization or masculinization operations. The frequency and severity of treatment related morbidity increases progressively as treatments go from conservative to more invasive. Gender dysphoria and its treatment is individualized and not completely understood.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.