Observational studyNeurocritical care2023
Time Course and Clinical Significance of Hematoma Expansion in Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: An Observational Cohort Study.
Observational study in Neurocritical care, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07338383 (An Efficacy and Feasibility Trial of a Portable Near Infra-Red Hematoma Imager for Detection of Intracranial Hemorrhage in the Acute Care Setting), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Efficacy and Feasibility Trial of a Portable Near Infra-Red Hematoma Imager for Detection of Intracranial Hemorrhage in the Acute Care Setting
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of FXIII Levels on Hematoma Expansion and Outcomes in Patients with Spontaneous Intracranial Hemorrhage: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study of 132 Patients.Neurocritical care · 2026Observational
- Decompressive craniectomy in traumatic brain injury: insights from a 15-year multicentre cohort in Sweden.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Association between hemostatic changes and contusion volume in traumatic brain injury: an observational cohort study.Acta neurochirurgica · 2026Observational
- Development and validation of a risk stratification tool for 28-day mortality based on D-dimer to platelet ratio in moderate-to -severe traumatic brain injury: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Early hematoma expansion provides incremental prognostic information beyond admission characteristics for 6-month functional outcome after adult traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Transcranial ultrasound tomography for brain imaging: Ex vivo results and potential for stroke imaging.Medical physics · 2025Article
- Traumatic brain injury management in the intensive care unit: standard of care and knowledge gaps.Intensive care medicine · 2025Review
- Hemostatic disturbances in traumatic brain injury: from mechanism to management.Acta neurochirurgica · 2025Review
- Efficacy of minimally invasive hematoma evacuation in treating traumatic intracranial hematoma: a retrospective cohort study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Noninvasive Monitoring of Traumatic Intracranial Hematoma Progression Using the Infrascanner: Preliminary Experience.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2025Article
- Low serum calcium promotes traumatic intracerebral hematoma expansion by the response of immune cell: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Anticoagulation strategies in patients with coexisting traumatic intracranial hematomas and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: an observational cohort study.Acta neurochirurgica · 2024Observational
- Contusion expansion, low platelet count and bifrontal contusions are associated with worse patient outcome following traumatic brain injury-a retrospective single-center study.Acta neurochirurgica · 2024Observational
- Midbrain volume in brain herniation: A volumetric analysis in operative traumatic brain injury.Surgical neurology international · 2024Article
- Glasgow Coma Scale Motor Score Predicts Need for Tracheostomy After Decompressive Craniectomy for Traumatic Brain Injury.Korean journal of neurotrauma · 2023Article
- Glibenclamide for Brain Contusions: Contextualizing a Promising Clinical Trial Design that Leverages an Imaging-Based TBI Endotype.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2023Review
- Intracranial lesion features in moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury: relation to neurointensive care variables and clinical outcome.Acta neurochirurgica · 2023Observational
- Impact of code stroke on door-to-andexanet administration time for factor Xa inhibitor-associated intracranial hemorrhage: a single-center retrospective study.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPreventing intracranial hematoma expansion has been advertised as a possible treatment opportunity in traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the time course of hematoma expansion, and whether the expansion affects outcome, remains poorly understood. In light of this, the aim of this study was to use 3D volume rendering to determine how traumatic intracranial hematomas expand over time and evaluate its impact on outcome.
methodsSingle-center, population-based, observational cohort study of adults with moderate-to-severe TBI. Hematoma expansion was defined as the change in hematoma volume from the baseline computed tomography scan until the lesion had stopped progressing. Volumes were calculated by using semiautomated volumetric segmentation. Functional outcome was measured by using the 12 month Glasgow outcome scale (GOS).
resultsIn total, 643 patients were included. The mean baseline hematoma volume was 4.2 ml, and the subsequent mean hematoma expansion was 3.8 ml. Overall, 33% of hematomas had stopped progressing within 3 h, and 94% of hematomas had stopped progressing within 24 h of injury. Contusions expanded significantly more, and for a longer period of time, than extra-axial hematomas. There was a significant dose-response relationship between hematoma expansion and 12 month GOS, even after adjusting for known outcome predictors, with every 1-ml increase in hematoma volume associated with a 6% increased risk of 1-point GOS deduction.
conclusionsHematoma expansion is a driver of unfavorable outcome in TBI, with small changes in hematoma volume also impacting functional outcome. This study also proposes a wider window of opportunity to prevent lesion progression than what has previously been suggested.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.