Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36166280›Full record

ArticleJMIR research protocols2022

Developing an Anxiety Screening Tool for Children in South Africa: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.

Fatiema Benjamin, Babatope O Adebiyi, Edna Rich, Nicolette Vanessa Roman

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in JMIR research protocols, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact, top 85% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 0 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Fatiema BenjaminCentre for Interdisciplinary Studies of Children, Families and Society, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1247-648X
Babatope O AdebiyiCentre for Interdisciplinary Studies of Children, Families and Society, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8798-1961
Edna RichCentre for Interdisciplinary Studies of Children, Families and Society, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7938-0557
Nicolette Vanessa RomanCentre for Interdisciplinary Studies of Children, Families and Society, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-437X
University of the Western Cape · ZA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEarly childhood experiences such as trauma, exposure to violence, and poverty can significantly contribute to childhood anxiety, which is viewed as the most common mental health issue among children. In South Africa, there is no uniform tool to screen for anxiety during early childhood. This study aims to develop a tool to screen for anxiety in children aged 4 to 8 years, which could be utilized by preschool and foundation phase teachers to aid in the early identification of childhood anxiety.

objectiveThe overall objective of this study is to explore understanding and perceptions of childhood anxiety among teachers, parents, and experts and to develop a tool to screen for anxiety in children aged 4 to 8 years.

methodsThis project will use a mixed method design that will consist of 4 stages. Stage 1 will consist of a scoping review. In Stage 2, data will be collected via semistructured interviews with 60 participants, including parents, teachers, and experts, and will be thematically analyzed. Stage 3 will consist of 20 experts and the researcher collaboratively formulating the proposed screening tool in the form of an e-Delphi component. Once the tool is refined, it will be piloted in Stage 4 with 20 teachers, and data will be analyzed with the Shapiro-Wilk test to test for normality. Additionally, factor analysis will be done to refine and restructure the tool as necessary.

resultsThis project was funded from April 2020 to December 2021. Data collection began in September 2022 and is projected to conclude in December 2022 for the qualitative component. The e-Delphi component is expected to be carried out from March to November 2023. Ethical approval was obtained from the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee in November 2021.

conclusionsAnxiety in early childhood has been linked to various repercussions in adolescence and adulthood, such as school dropout, substance abuse, anxiety disorders, depression, and suicide ideation. Therefore, identifying the presence of anxiety earlier on and providing the necessary referral services could aid in reducing the negative consequences of unidentified and untreated anxiety in early childhood. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/37364.

Indexed as

anxietyanxiety screening toolassessmentchildchildrendevelopmentearly childhood developmentfoundation phasemental healthparentperceptionpreschoolprimary caregiverschoolscreeningSouth Africateacheryouth

Identifiers

PMID36166280
PMCPMC9555325
OpenAlexW4297257125

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.