ArticleSleep2023
Association of sleep with cognitive function during retirement transition: the Whitehall II study.
Article in Sleep, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sleep longer, think sharper: extra sleep offsets poor sleep quality in young-old adults.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Concurrent changes in sleep and cognitive function during retirement transition: the Finnish retirement and aging study.European journal of ageing · 2025Article
- The Night and Day Challenge of Sleep Disorders and Insomnia: A Narrative Review.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2024Review
- Longitudinal Sleep Patterns and Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults.JAMA network open · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesSleep duration and difficulties have been shown to associate with cognitive function. This study examined how changes in sleep and in cognitive function are associated during retirement transition.
methodsThe study population consisted of 2980 Whitehall II study participants, who retired during the follow-up, whose sleep was queried, and cognitive function measured (inductive reasoning and verbal memory) before and after retirement (follow-up 16 years). Using the last information on sleep before and the first after retirement, participants were categorized into constantly without (59%), increasing (13%), decreasing (11%), and constantly with (18%) sleep difficulties; and constantly short (26%), increasing (19%), decreasing (8.5%), and constantly mid-range (47%) sleep duration. Change in cognitive function during retirement transition was examined by sleep change groups using linear regression analyses with generalized estimating equations.
resultsMore pronounced decline in inductive reasoning during retirement transition was observed among participants with increasing sleep difficulties (-1.96, 95% CI -2.52 to -1.41) compared to those constantly without sleep difficulties (-1.25, 95% CI -1.52 to -0.98) and constantly with sleep difficulties (-1.26, 95% CI -1.75 to -0.92). Decreasing sleep difficulties (-0.64, 95% CI -0.86 to -0.43) were associated with a more pronounced decline in verbal memory when compared to constantly without sleep difficulties (-0.42, 95% CI -0.52 to -0.32) in post-retirement period. No statistically significant differences across sleep duration groups in cognitive function were observed.
conclusionsIncreasing and decreasing sleep difficulties may be associated with accelerated decline in cognitive function during retirement transition and post-retirement.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.