ReviewCancer medicine2023
Breastfeeding reduces the risk of breast cancer: A call for action in high-income countries with low rates of breastfeeding.
Review in Cancer medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding breast cancer causes: insights from Jordanian women's awareness.Future science OA · 2026Article
- Reproductive factors and the expression of stromal markers in benign breast biopsy samples.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Article
- Risk factors associated with molecular subtypes of breast cancer among indian women: a multicentre matched case-control study.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Cumulative breastfeeding duration and incidence of diabetes in the multiethnic cohort study.Global perspectives on nutrition · 2026Article
- Breastfeeding and subsequent risk of 24 types of maternal cancer: a cohort study of Chinese women.Nutrition journal · 2026Article
- Breast cancer survival prediction using machine learning and multimodal data for personalized care plan.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Article
- European Code Against Cancer 5th edition: 14 ways you can help prevent cancer.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Review
- The Impact of International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) Support on Breastfeeding in the UK and Ireland-A Scoping Review.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- European Code Against Cancer, 5th edition - diet, excess body weight, physical activity, sedentary behavior, breastfeeding, and cancer.Molecular oncology · 2026Review
- Management and treatment of breast cancer in pregnant women.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- Breast cancer pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Mother's perception regarding insufficiency of breast-milk: a qualitative investigation in Haripur, Pakistan.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Breastmilk transfer and infant exposure to atazanavir/ritonavir in breastfeeding women with HIV: results from IMPAACT 2026.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Article
- Recent Advances (2020-2025) in Estrogen and ER-Positive Breast Cancer: Receptor Signaling, Tumor Microenvironment, Endocrine Therapy Resistance and Innovative Treatment Strategies-A Comprehensive Review.Cancer management and research · 2026Review
- Decoding Breast Cancer: Emerging Molecular Biomarkers and Novel Therapeutic Targets for Precision Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Two Decades of Female Breast Cancer Mortality in Hungary: Epidemiological Trends Since EU Accession.Cancers · 2025Article
- The role of support on breastfeeding exclusivity and duration among African migrant mothers in the United States.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Breastfeeding Practices and Associated Factors Among Mothers of Infants Aged 12 Months or Younger Attending Selected Tertiary Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Women in the UK have a 15% lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. Like other high-income countries, women in the UK are having children later in life which increases their risk. The risk of breast cancer is reduced by 4.3% for every 12 months of breastfeeding, this is in addition to the 7.0% decrease in risk observed for each birth. Breastfeeding reduces the risk of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (20%) and in carriers of BRCA1 mutations (22-55%). The mechanisms of reduced risk as a result of pregnancy are related to changes in RNA processing and cellular differentiation. The UK has a low rate of breastfeeding (81%) and this is contrasted to countries with higher (Sweden, Australia) and lower rates (Ireland). The low UK rate is in part due to a lack of experience in the population, todays grandmothers have less experience with breastfeeding (62%) than their daughters. An estimated 4.7% of breast cancer cases in the UK are caused by not breastfeeding. The UK only has 43% of maternity services with full Baby-Friendly accreditation which promotes compliance with the WHO 'Ten Steps to Successful Breast Feeding'. Legislation in the UK and Europe is far short of the WHO Guidance on restricting the advertising of formula milk. Expansion of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, stricter laws on the advertising of formula milk and legislation to support nursing mothers in the workplace have the potential to increase breastfeeding in the UK. Women with a family history of breast cancer should particularly be supported to breastfeed as a way of reducing their risk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.