ArticleAsian spine journal2023
Patient-Specific Drill Guide Template for Pedicle Screw Insertion into the Atlantoaxial Cervical Spine Using Stereolithographic Modeling: An In Vitro Study.
Article in Asian spine journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- 3D-printed drill guide versus fluoroscopic-guided free-hand technique for pedicle screw insertion in the upper cervical spine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Musculoskeletal surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Three-Dimensional Printing in Pediatric Orthopaedics: Cost Analysis and Emerging Applications.Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America · 2026Review
- [Experimental study of patient-specific three-dimensional-printed drill guide-assisted CZhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2026Article
- Design, fabrication, and evaluation of single- and multi-level 3D-printed non-covering cervical spinal fusion surgery templates.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Assessment of Biomechanical Advantages in Combined Anterior-Posterior Cervical Spine Surgery by Radiological Outcomes: Pedicle Screws over Lateral Mass Screws.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
designCadaveric study. PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the accuracy and feasibility of cervical pedicle screw (CPS) insertion into the atlantoaxial cervical spine using a patient-specific drill guide template constructed from a stereolithographic model. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: CPS fixation is a widely accepted procedure for posterior cervical fixation because of its biomechanical advantages, particularly in the subaxial cervical region. The extremely narrow corridors of the atlantoaxial spine make CPS insertion more difficult, requiring the development of new tools to ensure accurate placement.
methodsFifteen atlantoaxial cervical vertebra specimens from 15 cadavers were scanned into thin slices using computed tomography. Images of the cadaver spine were digitally processed and rendered stl files so that they could be printed to scale as threedimensional (3D) plastic models. Manually molded dental acrylic drill guide templates with pins inserted in the pedicles of the plastic cervical models were placed over the 3D printed models. The drill guide templates were used for precise placement of the drill holes in the pedicles of cadaveric specimens for pedicle screw fixation. The accuracy of screw placement was evaluated by an independent evaluator.
resultsA total of 60 pedicles (combined C1 and C2) from 15 cadaveric axial cervical vertebrae were evaluated. The total acceptable accuracy for pedicle screw insertion in the atlantoaxial cervical vertebrae is 95%. An accuracy rate of 100% was achieved for C1 while an acceptable accuracy rate of 90% was achieved for C2.
conclusionsThe use of a patient-specific drill guide constructed using stereolithography improved the accuracy of CPS placement in a cadaveric model.
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