ArticleDevelopment (Cambridge, England)2022
Retrovirus-derived RTL5 and RTL6 genes are novel constituents of the innate immune system in the eutherian brain.
Article in Development (Cambridge, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Virus-Derived Domesticated Genes in Microglia and Resident Macrophages: Insights into Placenta-Driven Evolution in Mammals.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Placenta-Driven Evolution: Viral Gene Acquisition andBiomolecules · 2026Review
- Review
- Endogenous retrovirus-like proteins recruit UBQLN2 to stress granules and shape their functional biology.Science advances · 2025Article
- Birth of protein-coding exons by ancient domestication of LINE-1 retrotransposon.Genome research · 2025Article
- Ge-SAND: an explainable deep learning-driven framework for disease risk prediction by uncovering complex genetic interactions in parallel.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Targeting of retrovirus-derivedOpen biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Exercise Rescues Obesogenic-Related Genes in the Female Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus: A Potential Role of miR-211 Modulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The Diverse Evolutionary Histories of Domesticated Metaviral Capsid Genes in Mammals.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Neurodegenerative diseases reflect the reciprocal roles played by retroelements in regulating memory and immunity.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Retrovirus-DerivedInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Retrovirus-Derived RTL/SIRH: Their Diverse Roles in the Current Eutherian Developmental System and Contribution to Eutherian Evolution.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- The diverse evolutionary histories of domesticated metaviral capsid genes in mammals.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Roles of retrovirus-derivedFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Retrotransposon Gag-like 5 [RTL5, also known as sushi-ichi-related retrotransposon homolog 8 (SIRH8)] and RTL6 (also known as SIRH3) are eutherian-specific genes presumably derived from a retrovirus and phylogenetically related to each other. They, respectively, encode a strongly acidic and extremely basic protein, and are well conserved among the eutherians. Here, we report that RTL5 and RTL6 are microglial genes with roles in the front line of innate brain immune response. Venus and mCherry knock-in mice exhibited expression of RTL5-mCherry and RTL6-Venus fusion proteins in microglia and appeared as extracellular dots and granules in the central nervous system. These proteins display a rapid response to pathogens such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), double-stranded (ds) RNA analog and non-methylated CpG DNA, acting both cooperatively and/or independently. Experiments using Rtl6 or Rtl5 knockout mice provided additional evidence that RTL6 and RTL5 act as factors against LPS and dsRNA, respectively, in the brain, providing the first demonstration that retrovirus-derived genes play a role in the eutherian innate immune system. Finally, we propose a model emphasizing the importance of extra-embryonic tissues as the origin site of retrovirus-derived genes. This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.