The exocyst complex is required for developmental and regenerative neurite growth in vivo.

The exocyst complex is an important regulator of intracellular trafficking and tethers secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane. Understanding of its role in neuron outgrowth remains incomplete, and previous studies have come to different conclusions about its importance for axon and dendrite growth, particularly in vivo. To investigate exocyst function in vivo we used Drosophila sensory neurons as a model system. To bypass early developmental requirements in other cell types, we used neuron-specific RNAi to target seven exocyst subunits. Initial neuronal development proceeded normally in these backgrounds, however, we considered this could be due to residual exocyst function. To probe neuronal growth capacity at later times after RNAi initiation, we used laser microsurgery to remove axons or dendrites and prompt regrowth. Exocyst subunit RNAi reduced axon regeneration, although new axons could be specified. In control neurons, a vesicle trafficking marker often concentrated in the new axon, but this pattern was disrupted in Sec6 RNAi neurons. Dendrite regeneration was also severely reduced by exocyst RNAi, even though the trafficking marker did not accumulate in a strongly polarized manner during normal dendrite regeneration. The requirement for the exocyst was not limited to injury contexts as exocyst subunit RNAi eliminated dendrite regrowth after developmental pruning. We conclude that the exocyst is required for injury-induced and developmental neurite outgrowth, but that residual protein function can easily mask this requirement.