Observational studyDiabetes care2023
The Portfolio Diet and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From the Women's Health Initiative Prospective Cohort Study.
Observational study in Diabetes care, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05915455 (Face and Content Validation of a Healthcare Professional-facing Toolkit to Communicate Information on the Portfolio Diet and PortfolioDiet.app), which is not on this map. Cited by 31 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Face and Content Validation of a Healthcare Professional-facing Toolkit to Communicate Information on the Portfolio Diet and PortfolioDiet.app
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: An Updated Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative effects of different types of soy products on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Vegetarian and Vegan Dietary Patterns to Treat Adult Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Epigenetic aging biomarkers in dietary geroscience: feasibility, participant perceptions, and trial design considerations.GeroScience · 2026Trial
- Metabolomic profiling of a cholesterol lowering plant-based diet from two randomized controlled feeding trials.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- The Portfolio Diet and HbA1c in Adults Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Patient-Level Pooled Analysis of Two Randomized Dietary Trials.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Epidemiological and Multi-Omics Investigation of Phytosterol Intake and Type 2 Diabetes Risk.Research square · 2026Article
- Nutritional and lifestyle supportive care recommendations for management of obesity with GLP-1 - based therapies: An expert consensus statement using a modified Delphi approach.Obesity pillars · 2026Review
- A protocol for the impact of Tongmai Jiangtang capsules on the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in metabolic syndrome.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Association Between Dietary Patterns and Myopia Among Children and Adolescents: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- A narrative review of dietary patterns in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Adherence to Portfolio diet and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a population-based prospective cohort study.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Article
- Fewer bites of beef to make an impact: even small changes toward a more sustainable diet and lifestyle can meet personal and public health goals while addressing planetary health.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Effect of intermittent fasting, portfolio-moderate-carbohydrate, and anti-inflammatory diets on cardio-metabolic status in pre-diabetic patients; an open-label randomized clinical trial.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- The role and challenges of plant extracts in obesity management.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- The Role of Whole Food Plant-Based Food Intake on Postprandial Glycemia in Type 1 Diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- The portfolio dietary pattern and risk of cardiovascular disease mortality during 1988-2019 in US adults: a prospective cohort study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Portfolio diet and LDL-C in a young, multiethnic cohort: cross-sectional analyses with cumulative exposure modeling.BMC public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveA plant-based dietary pattern, the Portfolio Diet, has been shown to lower LDL cholesterol and other cardiovascular disease risk factors. However, no study has evaluated the association of this diet with incident type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsThis analysis included 145,299 postmenopausal women free of diabetes at baseline in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Clinical Trials and Observational Study from 1993 to 2021. Adherence to the diet was assessed with a score based on six components (high in plant protein [soy and pulses], nuts, viscous fiber, plant sterols, and monounsaturated fat and low in saturated fat and cholesterol) determined from a validated food-frequency questionnaire. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of the association of the Portfolio Diet, alongside the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean diets, with incident type 2 diabetes, with adjustment for potential confounders.
resultsOver a mean follow-up of 16.0 years, 13,943 cases of incident type 2 diabetes were identified. In comparisons of the highest with the lowest quintiles of adherence, the HRs for risk of incident type 2 diabetes were 0.77 (95% CI 0.72, 0.82) for the Portfolio Diet, 0.69 (0.64, 0.73) for the DASH diet, and 0.78 (0.74, 0.83) for the Mediterranean diet. These findings were attenuated by 10% after additional adjustment for BMI.
conclusionsGreater adherence to the plant-predominant Portfolio, DASH, and Mediterranean diets was prospectively associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.