Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36161907›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022

Programmable soft valves for digital and analog control.

Colter J Decker, Haihui Joy Jiang, Markus P Nemitz, Samuel E Root, Anoop Rajappan, Jonathan T Alvarez, Jovanna Tracz, Lukas Wille, Daniel J Preston, George M Whitesides

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Rotary Electromechanical System Integrating Non-Reciprocal Memory and Combinational Logic.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  5. A kinematically Bifurcated Metamaterial for Integrated Logic Operation and Computing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Elastic Fiber Programming for Simplified Pneumatic Control in Soft Robots.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Frequency-Controlled Fluidic Oscillators for Soft Robots.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Intrinsically Multistable Soft Actuator Driven by Mixed-Mode Snap-Through Instabilities.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Colter J DeckerDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.ORCID 0000-0002-3458-2892
Haihui Joy JiangDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.ORCID 0000-0002-7302-755X
Markus P NemitzDepartment of Robotics Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609.ORCID 0000-0003-0771-5407
Samuel E RootDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.ORCID 0000-0002-9854-5484
Anoop RajappanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005.ORCID 0000-0002-6843-509X
Jonathan T AlvarezJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.ORCID 0000-0003-0679-895X
Jovanna TraczDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Lukas WilleDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.ORCID 0000-0002-4359-4211
Daniel J PrestonDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005.ORCID 0000-0002-0096-0285
George M WhitesidesDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.ORCID 0000-0001-9451-2442

Funding

National Science Foundation (NSF) CMMI-2144809National Science Foundation (NSF) DMR-2011754National Science Foundation (NSF) ECS0335765U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) DE-SC0000989
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In soft devices, complex actuation sequences and precise force control typically require hard electronic valves and microcontrollers. Existing designs for entirely soft pneumatic control systems are capable of either digital or analog operation, but not both, and are limited by speed of actuation, range of pressure, time required for fabrication, or loss of power through pull-down resistors. Using the nonlinear mechanics intrinsic to structures composed of soft materials-in this case, by leveraging membrane inversion and tube kinking-two modular soft components are developed: a piston actuator and a bistable pneumatic switch. These two components combine to create valves capable of analog pressure regulation, simplified digital logic, controlled oscillation, nonvolatile memory storage, linear actuation, and interfacing with human users in both digital and analog formats. Three demonstrations showcase the capabilities of systems constructed from these valves: 1) a wearable glove capable of analog control of a soft artificial robotic hand based on input from a human user's fingers, 2) a human-controlled cushion matrix designed for use in medical care, and 3) an untethered robot which travels a distance dynamically programmed at the time of operation to retrieve an object. This work illustrates pathways for complementary digital and analog control of soft robots using a unified valve design.

Indexed as

analog controldigital logicnonlinear mechanicsprogrammable devicesuntethered soft robotics

Identifiers

PMID36161907
PMCPMC9546565

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.