ArticleClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2022
Dynamic Changes in the NK-, Neutrophil-, and B-cell Immunophenotypes Relevant in High Metastatic Risk Post Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy-Resistant Early Breast Cancers.
Article in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unraveling Biomarker Signatures in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review for Targeted Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Adjuvant nivolumab, capecitabine or the combination in patients with residual triple-negative breast cancer: the OXEL randomized phase II study.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- FBXW5 blunts RIGI/MDA5/IFN signaling to drive immune evasion and chemo-immune resistance in triple-negative breast cancer models.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- The immunology of human breast cancer.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Advances in Mechanism of Action and Efficacy of CBP/p300 Inhibitors in Different Subtypes of Breast Cancer.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- An Fc-Engineered Glycomodified Antibody Supports Proinflammatory Activation of Immune Effector Cells and Restricts Progression of Breast Cancer.Cancer research · 2025Article
- Resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancers: a metabolic perspective.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- The balance between N1 and N2 neutrophils implications for breast cancer immunotherapy: a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- A Novel Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Signature Predicts Patient Chemotherapy Resistance and Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Article
- Phenotypes and cytokines of NK cells in triple-negative breast cancer resistant to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Stroma-derived Dickkopf-1 contributes to the suppression of NK cell cytotoxicity in breast cancer.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics integration: new frontiers in tumor microenvironment and cellular communication.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Analysis of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics in TNBC cell-cell interactions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The interplay between the immune response and neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Metabolic reprogramming and therapeutic resistance in primary and metastatic breast cancer.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- Anti-EGFR Antibody-Drug Conjugate Carrying an Inhibitor Targeting CDK Restricts Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Growth.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Article
- Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived Dickkopf-1 suppresses NK cell cytotoxicity in breast cancer.Research square · 2024Article
- Adjuvant nivolumab, capecitabine or the combination in patients with residual triple-negative breast cancer: the OXEL randomized phase II study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Serum-derived extracellular vesicles from breast cancer patients contribute to differential regulation of T-cell-mediated immune-escape mechanisms in breast cancer subtypes.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Spatial distribution of tumor-infiltrating T cells indicated immune response status under chemoradiotherapy plus PD-1 blockade in esophageal cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 10 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo identify potential immune targets in post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC)-resistant triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and ER+HER2- breast cancer disease. EXPERIMENTAL
designFollowing pathology review, 153 patients were identified as having residual cancer burden (RCB) II/III disease (TNBC n = 80; ER+HER2-n = 73). Baseline pre-NAC samples were available for evaluation for 32 of 80 TNBC and 36 of 73 ER+HER2- cases. Bright-field hematoxylin and eosin assessment allowed for tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) evaluation in all cases. Multiplexed immunofluorescence was used to identify the abundance and distribution of immune cell subsets. Levels of checkpoints including PD-1/PD-L1 expression were also quantified. Findings were then validated using expression profiling of cancer and immune-related genes. Cytometry by time-of-flight characterized the dynamic changes in circulating immune cells with NAC.
resultsRCB II/III TNBC and ER+HER2- breast cancer were immunologically "cold" at baseline and end of NAC. Although the distribution of immune cell subsets across subtypes was similar, the mRNA expression profiles were both subtype- and chemotherapy-specific. TNBC RCB II/III disease was enriched with genes related to neutrophil degranulation, and displayed strong interplay across immune and cancer pathways. We observed similarities in the dynamic changes in B-cell biology following NAC irrespective of subtype. However, NAC induced changes in the local and circulating tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) that varied by subtype and response. Specifically, in TNBC residual disease, we observed downregulation of stimulatory (CD40/OX40L) and inhibitory (PD-L1/PD-1) receptor expression and an increase in NK cell populations (especially non-cytolytic, exhausted CD56dimCD16-) within both the local TIME and peripheral white cell populations.
conclusionsThis study identifies several potential immunologic pathways in residual disease, which may be targeted to benefit high-risk patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.