ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2022
Sex difference in circulating PCSK9 and its clinical implications.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sex and statin-related genetic associations at the PCSK9 gene locus: results of genome-wide association meta-analysis.Biology of sex differences · 2024Pooled it
- Sex differences in coronary plaque stabilization with evolocumab: a post hoc analysis of the YELLOW III trial.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2026Article
- Sex differences in cardiovascular‑kidney‑metabolic syndrome: From pathogenesis to treatment response (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- PCSK9 and Breast Cancer Survival: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Gender differences in the plasma profiles of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-type 9 (PCSK9), soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor (sLDLR), total cholesterol, and triglycerides in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases: diagnostic and prognostic implications.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Article
- PCSK9 Inhibitor Use and the Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Patients with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The paradox of asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis in women: gender differences.Journal of ultrasound · 2026Article
- Gender and region disparities in plasma PCSK9 levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- High circulating PCSK9 concentration is associated with increased and sex-specific risks of metabolic disease, diabetes mellitus, MASLD, and long-term mortality in a Taiwanese population.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- PCSK9 Inhibitor and Potential Decreased Risk of Neoplasms, Especially in Females: A Meta-Analysis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- PCSK9-Targeting Drugs and Gender: Are There Any Differences?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Lipid Lowering Therapy Utilization and Lipid Goal Attainment in Women.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Review
- Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9: a promising marker of cardiovascular risk in post-menopausal diabetic women in primary prevention.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Predictive factors for multivessel disease in patients with acute coronary syndrome: analysis from the CCC-ACS project in China.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Article
- Monoclonal Anti-PCSK9 Antibodies: Real-World Data.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Lipoprotein Metabolism, Dyslipidemia, and Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Women: A Comprehensive Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Italian Association of Hospital Cardiologists Position Paper 'Gender discrepancy: time to implement gender-based clinical management'.European heart journal supplements : journal of the European Society of Cardiology · 2024Article
- Sex X Time Interactions in Lp(a) and LDL-C Response to Evolocumab.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Sex Differences in Familial Hypercholesterolemia.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a proprotein convertase that increases plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels by triggering the degradation of LDL receptors (LDLRs). Beyond the regulation of circulating LDL-C, PCSK9 also has direct atherosclerotic effects on the vascular wall and is associated with coronary plaque inflammation. Interestingly, emerging data show that women have higher circulating PCSK9 concentrations than men, suggesting that the potential roles of PCSK9 may have different impacts according to sex. In this review, we summarize the studies concerning sex difference in circulating levels of PCSK9. In addition, we report on the sex differences in the relations of elevated circulating PCSK9 levels to the severity and prognosis of coronary artery disease, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and neurological damage after cardiac arrest and liver injury, as well as inflammatory biomarkers and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Moreover, sex difference in the clinical efficacy of PCSK9 inhibitors application are reviewed. Finally, the underlying mechanisms of sex difference in circulating PCSK9 concentrations and the clinical implications are also discussed.
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