Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36158673›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in oncology2022

Bacteria-derived chimeric toxins as potential anticancer agents.

Saeed Khoshnood, Hadis Fathizadeh, Foroogh Neamati, Babak Negahdari, Piyush Baindara, Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah, Mohammad Hossein Haddadi

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Superantigens in Cancer Immunotherapy: Mechanisms, Engineering Strategies, and Therapeutic Potential.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Cytotoxic effects of epsilon toxin fromToxicology research · 2025
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Anti-tumor Effects of Recombinant Clostridium α-Toxin on Breast Cancer: AnInternational journal of molecular and cellular medicine · 2024
    Article
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Saeed KhoshnoodClinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
Hadis FathizadehStudent Research Committee, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran.
Foroogh NeamatiDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Babak NegahdariDepartment of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Piyush BaindaraDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
Mohd Azmuddin AbdullahDepartment of Toxicology, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam Campus, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
Mohammad Hossein HaddadiClinical Microbiology Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cancer is one of the major causes of death globally, requiring everlasting efforts to develop novel, specific, effective, and safe treatment strategies. Despite advances in recent years, chemotherapy, as the primary treatment for cancer, still faces limitations such as the lack of specificity, drug resistance, and treatment failure. Bacterial toxins have great potential to be used as anticancer agents and can boost the effectiveness of cancer chemotherapeutics. Bacterial toxins exert anticancer effects by affecting the cell cycle and apoptotic pathways and regulating tumorigenesis. Chimeric toxins, which are recombinant derivatives of bacterial toxins, have been developed to address the low specificity of their conventional peers. Through their targeting moieties, chimeric toxins can specifically and effectively detect and kill cancer cells. This review takes a comprehensive look at the anticancer properties of bacteria-derived toxins and discusses their potential applications as therapeutic options for integrative cancer treatment.

Indexed as

affibodyanticancerbacteria-derived chimeric toxinbacterial toxinschimeric toxinexotoxin Aimmunotoxinligand-based immunotoxins

Identifiers

PMID36158673
PMCPMC9491211

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.