Observational studyEBioMedicine2022
Long COVID symptoms in exposed and infected children, adolescents and their parents one year after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A prospective observational cohort study.
Observational study in EBioMedicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Persistent Clinical Features After SARS-CoV-2 in the Pediatric Population.Pediatrics · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Symptom variation up to two years post-SARS-CoV-2 infection in Children and Young People: results from the Children and young people with Long Covid (CLoCk) study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Neurological Symptoms as (Post) Pandemic Burden in Children and Adolescents-Single Tertiary Center Experience from Croatia.Iranian journal of child neurology · 2026Article
- Psychosocial impact of pediatric long COVID: a dyadic analysis of persistent symptoms, sleep, and self-esteem in parents and children.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of POCOKIDS-Q-A Questionnaire to Assess Post COVID-19 Symptoms in Children.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Article
- Postacute COVID-19 fatigue, dyspnea and reduced activity in children and adolescents.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Long-term outcomes of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a cohort study protocol.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Immune cell communication networks and memory CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Elevated Soluble ACE2 Activity in Children and Adults After SARS-CoV-2 Exposure Irrespective of Laboratory-Confirmed Infection.Journal of medical virology · 2024Article
- Multilevel Determinants of Long COVID and Potential for Telehealth Intervention.Ethnicity & disease · 2024Article
- School Closure and Child Maltreatment During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Child maltreatment · 2024Article
- Cluster analysis of long COVID symptoms for deciphering a syndrome and its long-term consequence.Immunologic research · 2024Article
- Challenges and opportunities in long COVID research.Immunity · 2024Article
- Symptoms and Conditions in Children and Adults up to 90 Days after SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Retrospective Observational Study Utilizing the Common Data Model.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Long COVID: Long-Term Impact of SARS-CoV2.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Overview of COVID-19 Infection, Treatment, and Prevention in Children.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- A critical analysis of UK media characterisations of Long Covid in children and young people.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Post-covid-19 conditions in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of health outcomes in controlled studies.BMJ medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
31 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLong COVID in children and adolescents remains poorly understood due to a lack of well-controlled studies with long-term follow-up. In particular, the impact of the family context on persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unknown. We examined long COVID symptoms in a cohort of infected children, adolescents, and adults and their exposed but non-infected household members approximately 1 year after infection and investigated clustering of persistent symptoms within households.
methods1267 members of 341 households (404 children aged <14 years, 140 adolescents aged 14-18 years and 723 adults) were categorized as having had either a SARS-CoV-2 infection or household exposure to SARS-CoV-2 without infection, based on three serological assays and history of laboratory-confirmed infection. Participants completed questionnaires assessing the presence of long COVID symptoms 11-12 months after infection in the household using online questionnaires.
findingsThe prevalence of moderate or severe persistent symptoms was statistically significantly higher in infected than in exposed women (36.4% [95% CI: 30.7-42.4%] vs 14.2% [95% CI: 8.7-21.5%]), infected men (22.9% [95% CI: 17.9-28.5%] vs 10.3% [95% CI: 5.8-16.9%]) and infected adolescent girls (32.1% 95% CI: 17.2-50.5%] vs 8.9% [95%CI: 3.1-19.8%]). However, moderate or severe persistent symptoms were not statistically more common in infected adolescent boys aged 14-18 (9.7% [95% CI: 2.8-23.6%] or in infected children <14 years (girls: 4.3% [95% CI: 1.2-11.0%]; boys: 3.7% [95% CI: 1.1-9.6%]) than in their exposed counterparts (adolescent boys: 0.0% [95% CI: 0.0-6.7%]; girls < 14 years: 2.3% [95% CI: 0·7-6·1%]; boys < 14 years: 0.0% [95% CI: 0.0-2.0%]). The number of persistent symptoms reported by individuals was associated with the number of persistent symptoms reported by their household members (IRR=1·11, p=·005, 95% CI [1.03-1.20]).
interpretationIn this controlled, multi-centre study, infected men, women and adolescent girls were at increased risk of negative outcomes 11-12 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Amongst non-infected adults, prevalence of negative outcomes was also high. Prolonged symptoms tended to cluster within families, suggesting family-level interventions for long COVID could prove useful.
fundingMinistry of Science, Research and the Arts, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.