ArticleEuropean journal of ophthalmology2023
Investigating the role of inflammation in keratoconus: A retrospective analysis of 551 eyes.
Article in European journal of ophthalmology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mendelian randomization and genetic analyses reveal causal roles of immune cells and inflammatory proteins in keratoconus.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Update on the Physiopathology of Keratoconus.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Inflammatory Mediators Involved in Conjunctival and Corneal Remodeling of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Analysis of Keratoconus-Related Phenotypes in Two Pcsk1 Mouse Models.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- The Genetic and Epigenetic Architecture of Keratoconus: Emerging Pathways and Clinical Implications.Genes · 2026Review
- Anti-inflammatory and dry eye benefits of accelerated epi-off corneal cross-linking in pediatric keratoconus with allergic ocular surface disease and elevated MMP-9.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of progressive fluence pulsed light epithelium-on accelerated corneal cross-linking for progressive keratoconus: 18-month prospective results.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Xenogenic Corneal Lenticules (XENIA) - Biomechanical Characterization and Enzymatic Resistance Analysis.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Exploring biomarkers for keratoconus: current insights and future directions.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Clinical Assessment of Dry Eye Disease in Patients with Keratoconus in Saudi Arabia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Integration of tear fluid biomarkers and machine learning for the early detection of keratoconus.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Persistent Proinflammatory Cytokine Profile in the Tear Fluid of Stable Keratoconus: Rethinking Clinical Quiescence.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Atopic disease and astigmatism: a population-based study.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Assessment of Serum Cytokine Levels in Keratoconus Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Omics in Keratoconus: From Molecular to Clinical Practice.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- The Role of the Ubiquitin System in Eye Diseases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The oxidative-stress-senescence axis in keratoconus: new insights into corneal degeneration.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Review
- Pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy in keratoconic eyes.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Observational
- Clinical outcomes of two symmetrical Kera-rings implanted in grade three keratoconus: a retrospective nonrandomized study.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Identification of hub genes and molecular pathways in keratoconus by integrating bioinformatics and literature mining at the RNA level.International ophthalmology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeKeratoconus (KCN), classically defined as a noninflammatory corneal ectasia, was recently associated with chronic inflammation. This study aimed to further evaluate the association between inflammation and KCN severity by assessing patient tear films.
methodsRetrospective chart review of consecutive patients (July 2016-February 2020) referred to a tertiary KCN centre. Using tomography Kmax values, the worst-eyes of patients with a diagnosis of KCN and tear film test results were included. Eyes were stratified as matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) positive or negative and analyzed using independent t and Pearson chi-squared tests. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.
results551 (51.40%) unilateral eyes were included. Mean age was 30.1 years and 70.1% were male. 55.5% of the eyes were MMP9 positive. Mean corrected distance visual acuity was 20/30
conclusionMMP9 positive keratoconic eyes had significantly higher Kmax readings which may correlate with increased disease severity, supporting an association between keratoconus and inflammation. Further research is warranted to evaluate the role of targeted therapy and contact lens use on MMP9 levels in keratoconic eyes and whether disease progression is affected.
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