ReviewBMJ open2022
Development and validation of the INappropriate solid oral dosaGE form modification aSsessmenT (INGEST) Algorithm using data of patients with medication dysphagia from a neurology ward and nursing home in Singapore.
Review in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and Characteristics of Pill Dysphagia in Adults with Swallowing Disorders: A FEES Based Retrospective Study.Dysphagia · 2026Article
- Enhancing safe medication use in home care: insights from informal caregivers.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Adult Patients with Difficulty Swallowing Oral Dosage Forms: A Systematic Review of the Quantitative Literature.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A Pilot Study on Pharmacists' Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices towards Medication Dysphagia via Asynchronous Online Focus Group Discussion.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study aims to develop and validate a novel implicit tool to assist clinicians in resource-limited settings to promptly assess suitability for modification of solid oral dosage forms (SODFs) during medication prescribing, review and/or administration for patients with dysphagia.
designLiterature review and a group discussion were conducted to elicit items for the construction of the INappropriate solid oral dosaGE form modification aSsessmenT (INGEST) algorithm. For its validation, inter-rater reliability among three independent users was evaluated. Accuracy of users' ratings was also evaluated against the screening results using the SETTING AND
participantsThree pharmacists were involved in the development and another three were involved in the validation of the INGEST algorithm using anonymised medication records of 50 patients in a nursing home and a hospital ward; only SODFs that were modified prior to administration were evaluated.
resultsFollowing literature review, considerations included by consensus in the INGEST algorithm were the presence of special coating or modified release characteristics of the SODF medications, hazardous nature and taste of the active ingredients, manufacturer's advice and use of tube feeding. Of the 381 SODF medications evaluated, 26 (6.8%) were identified by at least one pharmacist to be inappropriate for modification. Gwet's AC among the three pharmacists in identifying SODF medications inappropriate for modification was 0.75 (p<0.001, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.87), and 0.80 (p<0.001, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.89) in identifying SODF medications appropriate for modification, suggesting substantial inter-rater agreement. Overall accuracy of each pharmacist's ratings was high, ranging from 93.7% to 95.6%.
conclusionsThe implicit INGEST algorithm has potential for use by clinicians in nursing home and hospital settings for determining suitability of SODF medications for modification. Further studies should be conducted to assess its external validity and utilisation in daily practice for improving clinical outcomes for patients with SODF dysphagia.
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