ArticleBMJ open2022
Methodology paper for the General Medicine Inpatient Initiative Medical Education Database (GEMINI MedED): a retrospective cohort study of internal medicine resident case-mix, clinical care and patient outcomes.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Developing Resident-Sensitive Quality Measures for Internal Medicine.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Machine Learning Model to Predict Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction Complications.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Quantifying Emergency Medicine Residency Learning Curves Using Natural Language Processing: Retrospective Cohort Study.JMIR medical education · 2025Article
- Variation in Case Exposure During Internal Medicine Residency.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- TRainee Attributable & Automatable Care Evaluations in Real-time (TRACERs): A Scalable Approach for Linking Education to Patient Care.Perspectives on medical education · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionUnwarranted variation in patient care among physicians is associated with negative patient outcomes and increased healthcare costs. Care variation likely also exists for resident physicians. Despite the global movement towards outcomes-based and competency-based medical education, current assessment strategies in residency do not routinely incorporate clinical outcomes. The widespread use of electronic health records (EHRs) may enable the implementation of in-training assessments that incorporate clinical care and patient outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The General Medicine Inpatient Initiative Medical Education Database (GEMINI MedED) is a retrospective cohort study of senior residents (postgraduate year 2/3) enrolled in the University of Toronto Internal Medicine (IM) programme between 1 April 2010 and 31 December 2020. This study focuses on senior IM residents and patients they admit overnight to four academic hospitals. Senior IM residents are responsible for overseeing all overnight admissions; thus, care processes and outcomes for these clinical encounters can be at least partially attributed to the care they provide. Call schedules from each hospital, which list the date, location and senior resident on-call, will be used to link senior residents to EHR data of patients admitted during their on-call shifts. Patient data will be derived from the GEMINI database, which contains administrative (eg, demographic and disposition) and clinical data (eg, laboratory and radiological investigation results) for patients admitted to IM at the four academic hospitals. Overall, this study will examine three domains of resident practice: (1) case-mix variation across residents, hospitals and academic year, (2) resident-sensitive quality measures (EHR-derived metrics that are partially attributable to resident care) and (3) variations in patient outcomes across residents and factors that contribute to such variation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: GEMINI MedED was approved by the University of Toronto Ethics Board (RIS#39339). Results from this study will be presented in academic conferences and peer-reviewed journals.
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Registered trials
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