ArticleBMJ open2022
Characterising persons diagnosed with HIV as either recent or long-term using a cross-sectional analysis of recent infection surveillance data collected in Malawi from September 2019 to March 2020.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Viral Suppression Following Same-day Initiation Antiretroviral Therapy among Persons Aware of their Classification as Recent or Long-term Infected with HIV Per Recent Infection Testing Algorithm, Rwanda 2021-2022.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- The Asanté™ HIV-1 Rapid Recency® Assay is reliable, feasible, and acceptable for use at the point-of-care in Lusaka, Zambia.PloS one · 2026Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus recency testing coverage and partner-notification-services among people-living with human immunodeficiency virus in low- and middle-income countries.World journal of virology · 2025Article
- Identifying the Factors Associated With Spatial Clustering of Incident HIV Infection Cases in High-Prevalence Regions: Quantitative Geospatial Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- Performance Characteristics of an HIV-1 Rapid Recency Assay Among Treatment-Naïve Individuals.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2025Article
- Recent HIV Infections in Italy: Data from the HIV National Surveillance System, 2012-2023.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- HIV-1 prevalence, drug resistance, and associated factors in the urban Ethiopian population.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Analysis of HIV-1 recent infections and hotspot areas in a bordering area in Yunnan Province, China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the HIV-1 Rapid Recency Assay and Limiting Antigen Avidity Enzyme Immunoassay for HIV Infection Status Interpretation in Long-Term Diagnosed Individuals in Thailand.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of recent HIV-1 infection among newly identified HIV-positive individuals tested with the Asante Rapid Recency assay in Harari region, Eastern Ethiopia.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2025Article
- Membrane computing simulation of sexually transmitted bacterial infections in hotspots of individuals with various risk behaviors.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesIn Malawi, a recent infection testing algorithm (RITA) is used to characterise infections of persons newly diagnosed with HIV as recent or long term. This paper shares results from recent HIV infection surveillance and describes distribution and predictors.
settingData from 155 health facilities in 11 districts in Malawi were pooled from September 2019 to March 2020.
participantsEligible participants were ≥13 years, and newly diagnosed with HIV. Clients had RITA recent infections if the rapid test for recent infection (RTRI) test result was recent and viral load (VL) ≥1000 copies/mL; if VL was <1000 copies/mL the RTRI result was reclassified as long-term. Results were stratified by age, sex, pregnancy/breastfeeding status and district.
results13 838 persons consented to RTRI testing and 12 703 had valid RTRI test results and VL results after excluding clients not newly HIV-positive, RTRI negative or missing data (n=1135). A total of 12 365 of the 12 703 were included in the analysis after excluding those whose RTRI results were reclassified as long term (n=338/784 or 43.1%). The remainder, 446/12 703 or 3.5%, met the definition of RITA recent infection. The highest percentage of recent infections was among breastfeeding women (crude OR (COR) 3.2; 95% CI 2.0 to 5.0), young people aged 15-24 years (COR 1.6; 95% CI 1.3 to 1.9) and persons who reported a negative HIV test within the past 12 months (COR 3.3; 95% CI 2.6 to 4.2). Factors associated with recent infection in multivariable analysis included being a non-pregnant female (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.4; 95% CI 1.2 to 1.8), a breastfeeding female (AOR 2.2; 95% CI 1.4 to 3.5), aged 15-24 years (AOR 1.6; 95% CI 1.3 to 1.9) and residents of Machinga (AOR 2.0; 95% CI 1.2 to 3.5) and Mzimba (AOR 2.4; 95% CI 1.3 to 4.5) districts.
conclusionsMalawi's recent HIV infection surveillance system demonstrated high uptake and identified sub-populations of new HIV diagnoses with a higher percentage of recent infections.
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