ArticleEnvironmental research2022
Sex-biased expression of the TLR7 gene in severe COVID-19 patients: Insights from transcriptomics and epigenomics.
Article in Environmental research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- The emerging role of TLR7-mediated signaling in respiratory viral infections and autoimmune diseases.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in Lung Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Article
- Mechanisms and impact of long COVID: pathophysiology, neuropsychiatric effects and vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 RNA-binding protein suppresses extracellular miRNA release.RNA biology · 2025Article
- Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 reservoir in long COVID.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Article
- The Microbiota and Evolution of Obesity.Endocrine reviews · 2025Review
- Unraveled role of TLR7-mediated interferon signaling activation in COVID-19.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Modulation ofFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Delineating sex-specific circulating host response signatures associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality.iScience · 2024Article
- Type I Interferonopathy among Non-Elderly Female Patients with Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19.Viruses · 2024Article
- Long-term survival after intensive care for COVID-19: a nationwide cohort study of more than 8000 patients.Annals of intensive care · 2023Article
- Sex chromosome complement and sex steroid signaling underlie sex differences in immunity to respiratory virus infection.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is abundant epidemiological data indicating that the incidence of severe cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is significantly higher in males than females worldwide. Moreover, genetic variation at the X-chromosome linked TLR7 gene has been associated with COVID-19 severity. It has been suggested that the sex-biased incidence of COVID-19 might be related to the fact that TLR7 escapes X-chromosome inactivation during early embryogenesis in females, thus encoding a doble dose of its gene product compared to males. We analyzed TLR7 expression in two acute phase cohorts of COVID-19 patients that used two different technological platforms, one of them in a multi-tissue context including saliva, nasal, and blood samples, and a third cohort that included different post-infection timepoints of long-COVID-19 patients. We additionally explored methylation patterns of TLR7 using epigenomic data from an independent cohort of COVID-19 patients stratified by severity and sex. In line with genome-wide association studies, we provide supportive evidence indicating that TLR7 has altered CpG methylation patterns and it is consistently downregulated in males compared to females in the most severe cases of COVID-19.
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