ArticlePreventive medicine2022
Impact of the e-cigarette era on cigarette smoking among youth in the United States: A population-level study.
Article in Preventive medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Electronic cigarettes and subsequent cigarette smoking in young people: A systematic review.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Pooled it
- The impact of e-cigarette use on cognitive function, emotional intelligence, and dementia risk in adolescents and young adults.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Emerging use of oral nicotine pouches among Canadian adolescents: Findings from the COMPASS-Quebec study.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026Article
- Development of Survey Measures of Uncontrolled Vaping and Vaping Restraint.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Risk of adolescent cigarette use in three UK birth cohorts before and after e-cigarettes.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Flavored combustible tobacco product initiation in two longitudinal youth cohorts in the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study: 2013-2016 and 2016-2019.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Review
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Adolescent Combustible Tobacco Smoking From 2014 to 2020: Declines Are Lagging Among Non-Hispanic Black Youth.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Dramatic Reductions in Cigarette Smoking Prevalence among High School Youth from 1991 to 2022 Unlikely to Have Been Undermined by E-Cigarettes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Re: Impact of the "e-cigarette era" on cigarette smoking among youth: A population-level study.Preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Design and Preclinical Evaluation of Nicotine-Stearic Acid Conjugate-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Transdermal Delivery: A Technical Note.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Statewide Youth Vaping Prevention in West Virginia: Two-Year Outcomes of CATCH My Breath.Journal of primary care & community healthArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
To examine and compare trends in past 30-day cigarette smoking among adolescents in the US from 2002 to 2019, before and after the onset of the "e-cigarette era" in 2014. Using National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) data from 2002 to 2019, we modeled the prevalence of past 30-day cigarette smoking over time. A total of n = 274,551 (weighted N = 340,403,754) middle and high school students were included in this study. Interrupted time series analyses were used to examine changes in cigarette smoking over time and compare trends in cigarette smoking pre- and post-2014. Models were applied to the full sample and stratified by middle (6th-8th grade) and high school (9th-12th grade). The observed number of current adolescent cigarette smokers post-2014 was compared to the predicted number, given trends in cigarette smoking prevalence observed pre-2014. Among all students, past 30-day cigarette smoking declined by approximately 0.75% per year from 2002 to 2013 (p < 0.001). Following a significant drop in prevalence from 2013 to 2014 (1.64%; p < 0.001), the decline in past 30-day cigarette smoking slowed significantly to approximately 0.37% per year (p < 0.001), from 2015 to 2019. We estimate that the onset of the "e-cigarette era" in 2014 corresponded to over 1.66 million (95% CI: 1.57 m - 1.75 m) more past 30-day cigarette smokers from 2015 to 2019, cumulatively. The rate of decline in past 30-day cigarette smoking prevalence among adolescents observed since 2002 slowed with the onset of the "e-cigarette era" in 2014, providing evidence at a population-level for the "gateway effect."
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.