ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2023
Confounding factors of Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers and their impact on clinical performance.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 170 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
170 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 204 citations in OpenAlex.
- Kidney Function and Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2026Pooled it
- Dulaglutide and neurodegeneration biomarkers: REWIND post hoc analysis.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Trial
- Hyperspectral retinal imaging to detect Alzheimer's disease in a memory clinic setting.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Trial
- Prognostic value of plasma biomarkers for informing clinical trial design in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Trial
- The impact of exercise on blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease in cognitively unimpaired older adults.GeroScience · 2024Trial
- Association of tongue, handgrip, and pinch strength with blood-based phosphorylated-tau 181 in cognitively healthy older adults.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Comparative Analysis of Plasma Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia: The Dual Role of Soluble Fractalkine as a Biomarker of Frontotemporal Dementia and Its Neuroprotective Effects in Cortical Neurons "In Vitro".Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prospective study on physical activity and Alzheimer's disease-related biomarkers.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Classification accuracies of plasma ptau217 vs. ptau217/Aβ1-42 for brain Aβ pathology in cognitively normal older adults.GeroScience · 2026Observational
- Predictive value of plasma p-tau217 for Alzheimer's dementia compared to other blood-based biomarkers.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Peripheral and Central miRNA Signatures in Alzheimer's Disease: Tissue-Specific Variability, Sex-Associated Differences, and Implications for Blood-Based Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Head-to-head comparison of neurodegeneration biomarkers across two analytical platforms in Alzheimer's disease.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2026Article
- Reliable quantification of renal function from frozen blood samples.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Dementia risk factor assessment in a local Alzheimer's prevention population: a German cross-sectional, observational study.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Observational
- Plasma p-tau markers, vascular factors, and cognitive decline in the CIMA-Q cohort.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Longitudinal plasma p-tau217 as a marker for tracking progression and predicting cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Common Medical Comorbidities, Demographic Factors and Levels of Plasma Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease and Neurodegeneration in Black/African American Older Adults.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Streamlining Alzheimer's disease diagnosis: real-world validation of two-cut-off diagnostic models based on plasma p-tau/Aβ42 ratios.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccination and the Immune-Brain Axis: Implications for Neuroprotection and Neurodegenerative Disease.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Neurofilament Light Reference Intervals in Healthy Individuals.JAMA network open · 2026Article
110 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionPlasma biomarkers will likely revolutionize the diagnostic work-up of Alzheimer's disease (AD) globally. Before widespread use, we need to determine if confounding factors affect the levels of these biomarkers, and their clinical utility.
methodsParticipants with plasma and CSF biomarkers, creatinine, body mass index (BMI), and medical history data were included (BioFINDER-1: n = 748, BioFINDER-2: n = 421). We measured beta-amyloid (Aβ42, Aβ40), phosphorylated tau (p-tau217, p-tau181), neurofilament light (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).
resultsIn both cohorts, creatinine and BMI were the main factors associated with NfL, GFAP, and to a lesser extent with p-tau. However, adjustment for BMI and creatinine had only minor effects in models predicting either the corresponding levels in CSF or subsequent development of dementia. DISCUSSION: Creatinine and BMI are related to certain plasma biomarkers levels, but they do not have clinically relevant confounding effects for the vast majority of individuals. HIGHLIGHTS: Creatinine and body mass index (BMI) are related to certain plasma biomarker levels. Adjusting for creatinine and BMI has minor influence on plasma-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) associations. Adjusting for creatinine and BMI has minor influence on prediction of dementia using plasma biomarkers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.