ReviewJournal of leukocyte biology2022
Shock and kill within the CNS: A promising HIV eradication approach?
Review in Journal of leukocyte biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Isolation of Brain Microglia to Study Persistence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2026Article
- Implications of HIV persistence and pathogenesis in microglia.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026Review
- Central Nervous System HIV Persistence and Clinical Consequences During Suppressive ART.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- Selective elimination of myeloid HIV reservoirs by targeting pro-survival pathways.The Journal of infection · 2026Article
- Smoldering in the sanctuary: HIV-associated brain injury in the ART era.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Neuronally sensed oxygen drives behavior and development in human-infective, skin-penetrating nematodes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Latent HIV Reservoirs in the Central Nervous System: Mechanisms, Barriers, and Therapeutic Approaches.ACS infectious diseases · 2026Review
- HIV gp120 induces TREM1 expression through TLR-PGE₂ signalling in human monocyte-derived microglia.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Epigenetic mechanisms of HIV and opioid-induced neuropathology: Potential therapies and interventions.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
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- Review
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- Latency Reversing Agents and the Road to an HIV CurePathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Breaking Barriers to an HIV-1 Cure: Innovations in Gene Editing, Immune Modulation, and Reservoir Eradication.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- HIV Cerebrospinal Fluid Escape: Interventions for the Management, Current Evidence and Future Perspectives.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
- Tannic acid reactivates HIV-1 latency by mediating CBX4 degradation.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Magnetoelectric Extracellular Vesicle Latency-Targeting (MELT) Nanotherapeutic for the Block-Lock-and-Kill HIV Eradication Strategy.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: A Look into Cellular and Molecular Pathology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The Hidden Enemy Within: Uncovering the Secrets of HIV Tissues Reservoirs and Current mRNA Vaccine DevelopmentCurrent HIV research · 2024Review
- A high-throughput screening assay for silencing established HIV-1 macrophage infection identifies nucleoside analogs that perturb H3K9me3 on proviral genomes.Journal of virology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The most studied HIV eradication approach is the "shock and kill" strategy, which aims to reactivate the latent reservoir by latency reversing agents (LRAs) and allowing elimination of these cells by immune-mediated clearance or viral cytopathic effects. The CNS is an anatomic compartment in which (persistent) HIV plays an important role in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. Restriction of the CNS by the blood-brain barrier is important for maintenance of homeostasis of the CNS microenvironment, which includes CNS-specific cell types, expression of transcription factors, and altered immune surveillance. Within the CNS predominantly myeloid cells such as microglia and perivascular macrophages are thought to be a reservoir of persistent HIV infection. Nevertheless, infection of T cells and astrocytes might also impact HIV infection in the CNS. Genetic adaptation to this microenvironment results in genetically distinct, compartmentalized viral populations with differences in transcription profiles. Because of these differences in transcription profiles, LRAs might have different effects within the CNS as compared with the periphery. Moreover, reactivation of HIV in the brain and elimination of cells within the CNS might be complex and could have detrimental consequences. Finally, independent of activity on latent HIV, LRAs themselves can have adverse neurologic effects. We provide an extensive overview of the current knowledge on compartmentalized (persistent) HIV infection in the CNS and on the "shock and kill" strategy. Subsequently, we reflect on the impact and promise of the "shock and kill" strategy on the elimination of persistent HIV in the CNS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.