ArticleBrain communications2022
Natural course of visual snow syndrome: a long-term follow-up study.
Article in Brain communications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Visual Snow Syndrome as a Network Disorder: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Visual snow syndrome as a neuropsychiatric network disorder: clinical features, mechanisms, and therapeutic perspectives.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Learnings from familial visual snow syndrome: A case series.Headache · 2026Article
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for visual snow syndrome: symptoms relief and changes in brain dynamics. A case report.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Visual Snow Syndrome: Therapeutic Implications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- [Characterization of a German cohort with visual snow syndrome].Der Nervenarzt · 2024Article
- Visual Snow Syndrome is unstable: A longitudinal investigation of VSS symptoms in a Naïve population.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Article
- What does visual snow look like? Quantification by matching a simulation.Journal of vision · 2024Article
- Improving Understanding of Visual Snow by Quantifying its Appearance and Effect on Vision.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Understanding visual perception in visual snow syndrome: a battery of psychophysical tests plus the 30-day clinical diary.Brain communications · 2024Article
- Visual snow syndrome and migraine: a review.Eye (London, England) · 2023Review
- Visual Disturbances Spectrum in Pediatric Migraine.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Differential Diagnosis of Visual Phenomena Associated with Migraine: Spotlight on Aura and Visual Snow Syndrome.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Natural course of visual snow syndrome: a long-term follow-up study.Brain communications · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Visual snow syndrome is characterized by a continuous visual disturbance resembling a badly tuned analogue television and additional visual and non-visual symptoms causing significant disability. The natural course of visual snow syndrome has not hitherto been studied. In this prospective longitudinal study, 78 patients with the diagnosis of visual snow syndrome made in 2011 were re-contacted in 2019 to assess symptom evolution using a semi-structured questionnaire. Forty patients (51% of 78) were interviewed after 84 ± 5 months (mean ± SD). In all patients, symptoms had persisted. Visual snow itself was less frequently rated as the most disturbing symptom (72 versus 42%, P = 0.007), whereas a higher proportion of patients suffered primarily from entopic phenomena (2 versus 17%, P = 0.024). New treatment was commenced in 14 (35%) patients, of whom in seven, visual snow syndrome was ameliorated somewhat. Three (7%) experienced new visual migraine aura without headache, and one (2%) had new migraine headache. There were no differences in the levels of anxiety and depression measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire 8 and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale 7. Thirty-eight patients (49%) were lost to follow-up. In visual snow syndrome, symptoms can persist over 8 years without spontaneous resolution, although visual snow itself might become less bothersome.
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