ArticleInternational journal of general medicine2022
Detection of Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Cotinine in Smokers: Measured Through Interleukin-6 and Superoxide Dismutase.
Article in International journal of general medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07316400 (Protocol for a Randomized, Single-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial Evaluating the Effect of Peptide Polysaccharide Supplementation on Serum Malondialdehyde, Interleukin-6, and Cotinine Levels), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Protocol for a Randomized, Single-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial Evaluating the Effect of Peptide Polysaccharide Supplementation on Serum Malondialdehyde, Interleukin-6, and Cotinine Levels
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Temporal Effects of Cigarette Smoke and Phytochemical-Based E-Liquid Aerosols on Tracheo-Alveolar Histopathology and the IL-6/TNF-α Molecular Signaling Axis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Biochemical Alterations Related to Vascular Injury in Smokers: Evidence from Nitric Oxide, Malondialdehyde, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, and Cotinine.Vascular health and risk management · 2026Article
- Prognostic value of pulmonary vessel-related structures in rapid progression of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy-associated interstitial lung disease: a retrospective study from two centres.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Article
- Selected Population-based Oral Health Assessment Following Usage of E-Cigarettes and Combustible Cigarettes.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2025Article
- Association between serum cotinine concentrations on red blood cell folate concentrations in pregnant women and the mediating role of lymphocytes: an NHANES Study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Changes in Concentration of Selected Biomarkers of Exposure in Users of Classic Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Heated Tobacco Products-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Mediating role of inflammatory markers in the relationship between cotinine levels and total bone mineral density.PloS one · 2025Article
- Nicotine is an Immunosuppressant: Implications for Women's Health and Disease.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2024Review
- The mediating role of inflammation in the association between cotinine levels and remnant cholesterol: a cross-sectional study.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- Characterization of cotinine degradation in a newly isolated Gram-negative strain Pseudomonas sp. JH-2.Archives of microbiology · 2024Article
- Lipid-lowering effect and oral transport characteristics study of curculigoside.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Nicotine is associated with smoking dependence and vascular inflammation through cotinine: A mediation analysis.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Relationships between Serum Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Patients with Mental Disorders.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Polyphenols from Plum (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Smoking is a significant risk factor in developing cardiovascular disease pathogenesis through oxidative stress and inflammation mechanisms. This study used cotinine as a biomarker of nicotine exposure levels in the body, which was associated with levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) as markers of oxidative stress and vascular inflammation. The research aimed to analyze the effect of cotinine levels on the expression of IL-6 and SOD. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design on 200 subjects, consisting 100 smokers and 100 non-smokers. Cotinine levels, IL-6 expression, and SOD were measured from the blood serum of each subject using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Then the data were analyzed using Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA). Results: There was a significant effect of cotinine levels on the reduction of SOD mediated by IL-6 (CR = 4.006). Cotinine levels also increased IL-6 mediated by SOD (CR = 4.292). The structural model shows that higher cotinine levels will increase IL-6 expression, and conversely, SOD expression will decrease. Conclusion: High cotinine levels cause an increase in the inflammatory process and oxidative stress in the vasculature of smokers, which is characterized by high IL-6 expression and low SOD expression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.