ReviewViruses2022
African Swine Fever Vaccinology: The Biological Challenges from Immunological Perspectives.
Review in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantitative evaluation of the efficacy of non-replicating vaccines for controlling African swine fever in domestic pigs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Pooled it
- Identification of a conserved neutralizing epitope on the ASFV H240R protein by a nanobody that inhibits viral attachment.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Novel Linear B Cell Epitopes of ASFV p54: Screening and Fine-Scale Mapping.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Structural studies promote vaccine development: lessons from African swine fever virus.Protein & cell · 2026Article
- Unlocking the Black Box: The Molecular Dialogue Between ASFV and Its Tick Host.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Live Attenuated Vaccines for African Swine Fever: Perspectives on Their Use and Strategic Directions.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Review
- An African swine fever virus-specific antibody reactome reveals antigens as potential candidates for vaccine development.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Cross-Protection of African Swine Fever Vaccine ASFV-G-ΔI177L Between ASFV Biotypes.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Anti-pA137R antibodies exacerbate the pathogenicity of African swine fever virus in pigs.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Development and efficacy of a novel mRNA cocktail for the delivery of African swine fever virus antigens and induction of immune responses.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Establishment of a highly sensitive porcine alveolar macrophage cell line for African swine fever virus.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2025Article
- African swine fever: A highly fatal disease that is spreading globally.Open veterinary journal · 2025Review
- Safety and Efficacy Profiles of the Live Attenuated Vaccine AVAC ASF LIVE for Preventing African Swine Fever in Pigs.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- The antibodies against the A137R protein drive antibody-dependent enhancement of African swine fever virus infection in porcine alveolar macrophages.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Advancements in Immunology and Microbiology Research: A Comprehensive Exploration of Key Areas.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Review
- Point-of-care testing diagnosis of African swine fever virus by targeting multiple genes with enzymatic recombinase amplification and CRISPR/Cas12a System.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Inactivation of highly transmissible livestock and avian viruses including influenza A and Newcastle disease virus for molecular diagnostics.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Advancement in the development of gene/protein-based vaccines against African swine fever virus.Current research in microbial sciences · 2024Review
- Identification of two novel linear epitopes on the E165R protein of African swine fever virus recognized by monoclonal antibodies.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV), a nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus (NCLDV), causes African swine fever (ASF), an acute hemorrhagic disease with mortality rates up to 100% in domestic pigs. ASF is currently epidemic or endemic in many countries and threatening the global swine industry. Extensive ASF vaccine research has been conducted since the 1920s. Like inactivated viruses of other NCLDVs, such as vaccinia virus, inactivated ASFV vaccine candidates did not induce protective immunity. However, inactivated lumpy skin disease virus (poxvirus) vaccines are protective in cattle. Unlike some experimental poxvirus subunit vaccines that induced protection, ASF subunit vaccine candidates implemented with various platforms containing several ASFV structural genes or proteins failed to protect pigs effectively. Only some live attenuated viruses (LAVs) are able to protect pigs with high degrees of efficacy. There are currently several LAV ASF vaccine candidates. Only one commercial LAV vaccine is approved for use in Vietnam. LAVs, as ASF vaccines, have not yet been widely tested. Reports thus far show that the onset and duration of protection induced by the LAVs are late and short, respectively, compared to LAV vaccines for other diseases. In this review, the biological challenges in the development of ASF vaccines, especially subunit platforms, are discussed from immunological perspectives based on several unusual ASFV characteristics shared with HIV and poxviruses. These characteristics, including multiple distinct infectious virions, extremely high glycosylation and low antigen surface density of envelope proteins, immune evasion, and possible apoptotic mimicry, could pose enormous challenges to the development of ASF vaccines, especially subunit platforms designed to induce humoral immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.