ArticleViruses2022
Enhanced Immunogenicity of an Influenza Ectodomain Matrix-2 Protein Virus-like Particle (M2e VLP) Using Polymeric Microparticles for Vaccine Delivery.
Article in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Roles of the M2 protein of influenza A virus.Virus genes · 2026Review
- Multifaceted virus-like particles: Navigating towards broadly effective influenza A virus vaccines.Current research in microbial sciences · 2025Review
- Prokaryote- and Eukaryote-Based Expression Systems: Advances in Post-Pandemic Viral Antigen Production for Vaccines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Vaccine-Induced Immunity Elicited by Microneedle Delivery of Influenza Ectodomain Matrix Protein 2 Virus-like Particle (M2e VLP)-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Advancements of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials in Environmental and Human Protection for Combatting the COVID-19 During and Post-pandemic Era: A Comprehensive Scientific Review.Biomedical materials & devices (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Review
- Natural Polymeric Composites Derived from Animals, Plants, and Microbes for Vaccine Delivery and Adjuvant Applications: A Review.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- An Adjuvanted Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Microparticulate Vaccine Delivered Using Microneedles Induces a Robust Immune Response in Vaccinated Mice.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Article
- Respiratory Viruses and Virus-like Particle Vaccine Development: How Far Have We Advanced?Viruses · 2023Review
- Microscale Delivery Systems for Hydrophilic Active Ingredients in Functional Consumer Goods.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate how encapsulating a conserved influenza ectodomain matrix-2 protein virus-like particle (M2e5x VLP) into a pre-crosslinked bovine serum albumin (BSA) polymeric matrix enhances in vitro antigen immunogenicity and in vivo efficacy. The spray-dried M2e5x VLP-loaded BSA microparticles (MPs) showed enhanced stimulation of antigen presenting cells (APCs), as confirmed through nitrite production and increased antigen-cell interactions seen in real time using live-cell imaging. Next, to further boost the immunogenicity of M2e5x VLP microparticles, M2e5x MPs were combined with Alhydrogel
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.