ArticleVaccines2022
Exposure of Zero-Dose Children to Multiple Deprivation: Analyses of Data from 80 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.
Article in Vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Approximating vaccine delivery costs to reach zero-dose children: a Bayesian meta-regression analysis.Health policy and planning · 2026Pooled it
- Predicting zero-dose vaccination status in 27 sub-Saharan African countries: a machine learning approach.BMJ health & care informatics · 2026Article
- Progress in reaching zero-dose children: analysis of population-modifiable risk factors and inequity trends in low- and lower-middle-income countries.International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
- Zero-dose vaccination status among children in Malawi: patterns, predictors, and geographic hotspots.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Gavi's Zero-Dose Learning Hubs: enhanced approach for evidence generation and use from local to global.Health policy and planning · 2026Article
- Prevalence of zero-dose vaccination and its associated factors in urban areas of Somali region, Ethiopia: a mixed-methods approach.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Can unvaccinated children be reached through mobile phones? Analyses of national cross-sectional surveys from 70 countries.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- The Immunization Agenda 2030 Strategy to reach zero-dose children in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national trends in routine childhood vaccination coverage from 1980 to 2023 with forecasts to 2030: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.Lancet (London, England) · 2025Article
- Multiple deprivations as drivers of suboptimal basic child vaccination in Latin America and the Caribbean: cross-sectional analysis of household survey data for 18,136 children across 211 regions in 15 countries.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Does unintended birth lead to zero dose of DPT vaccine among children aged 12-23 months in India?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Inequalities in ownership and availability of home-based vaccination records in 82 low- and middle-income countries.BMJ global health · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Trends of Not Receiving a Dose of DPT-Containing Vaccine Among Children 12-35 Months: An Analysis of 81 Low- And Middle-Income Countries.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Article
- Inequality in Childhood Immunization Coverage: A Scoping Review of Data Sources, Analyses, and Reporting Methods.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Measuring Zero-Dose Children: Reflections on Age Cohort Flexibilities for Targeted Immunization Surveys at the Local Level.Vaccines · 2024Article
- In-depth reasons for the high proportion of zero-dose children in underserved populations of Ethiopia: Results from a qualitative study.Vaccine: X · 2024Article
- Geospatial and multilevel clustering of zero-dose children in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2022.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Assessing Geographic Overlap between Zero-Dose Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccination Prevalence and Other Health Indicators.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Why Reaching Zero-Dose Children Holds the Key to Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The concept of multiple deprivation recognizes that the same individuals, households, and communities are often exposed to several forms of scarcity. We assessed whether lack of immunization is also associated with nutritional, environmental, and educational outcomes. We analyzed data from nationally representative surveys from 80 low- and middle-income countries with information on no-DPT (children aged 12-23 months without any doses of a diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus containing vaccine), stunting, wasting, maternal education and use of contraception, improved water and sanitation, and long-lasting insecticidal nets. Analyses of how these characteristics overlap were performed at individual and ecological levels. Principal component analyses (PCA) provided additional information on indicator clustering. In virtually all analyses, no-DPT children were significantly more likely to be exposed to the other markers for deprivation. The strongest, most consistent associations were found with maternal education, water, and sanitation, while the weakest associations were found for wasting and bed nets. No-DPT prevalence reached 46.1% in the most deprived quintile from first PCA component derived from deprivation indicators. All children were immunized in the two least deprived quintiles of the component. Our analyses provide strong support for the hypothesis that unimmunized children are also affected by other forms of deprivation.
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