Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36146631›Full record

ArticleVaccines2022

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic across Africa: Current Status of Vaccinations and Implications for the Future.

Olayinka O Ogunleye, Brian Godman, Joseph O Fadare, Steward Mudenda, Adekunle O Adeoti, Adesola F Yinka-Ogunleye, Sunday O Ogundele, Modupe R Oyawole, Marione Schönfeldt, Wafaa M Rashed and 33 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed
7.3field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  3. Social Perception, Trust, and Reluctance Towards Vaccines: A Bibliometric Analysis (2019-2025).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

43 authors at 20 institutions in 20 countries.

Olayinka O OgunleyeDepartment of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos 100271, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-9793-8024
Brian GodmanDepartment of Pharmacoepidemiology, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6539-6972
Joseph O FadareDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti 362103, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-5641-1402
Steward MudendaDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia.ORCID 0000-0003-1692-8981
Adekunle O AdeotiDepartment of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti 360211, Nigeria.
Adesola F Yinka-OgunleyeNigerian Center for Disease Control, Plot 801, Ebitu Ukiwe Street, Jabi, Abuja 900108, Nigeria.
Sunday O OgundeleDepartment of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos 100271, Nigeria.
Modupe R OyawoleDepartment of Pharmacy, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos 100271, Nigeria.
Marione SchönfeldtChild, Youth and School Health Directorate, National Department of Health, Pretoria 0083, South Africa.
Wafaa M RashedChildren's Cancer Hospital, Egypt-57357 (CCHE-57357), Cairo 11441, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0001-7531-2840
Ahmad M GalalBiomedical Research Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo 11774, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0002-8957-7716
Nyasha MasukaCIMAS, Cimas House, Borrowdale Office Park, Borrowdale Road, Harare P.O. Box 1243, Zimbabwe.
Trust ZaranyikaDepartment of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare P.O. Box MP167, Zimbabwe.
Aubrey C KalungiaDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia.
Oliver O MalandeDepartment of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 02084, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-1840-7402
Dan KibuuleDepartment of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Busitema University, Mbale P.O. Box 236, Uganda.ORCID 0000-0002-6908-2177
Amos MasseleDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hurbert Kairuki Memorial University, 70 Chwaku Road Mikocheni, Dar Es Salaam P.O. Box 65300, Tanzania.
Ibrahim ChikowePharmacy Department, Formerly College of Medicine, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (KUHeS), Blantyre P.O. Box 278, Malawi.
Felix KhuluzaPharmacy Department, Formerly College of Medicine, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (KUHeS), Blantyre P.O. Box 278, Malawi.
Tinotenda TaruvingaDepartment of Global Health and Development (GHD), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London WC1E 7TH, UK.
Abubakr AlfadlNational Medicines and Poisons Board, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum P.O. Box 303, Sudan.ORCID 0000-0003-0057-5755
Elfatih MalikDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan.ORCID 0000-0002-8071-8092
Margaret OlukaDepartment of Pharmacology & Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 19676-00202, Kenya.
Sylvia OpangaDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 19676-00202, Kenya.
Daniel N A AnkrahDepartment of Pharmacy, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra P.O. Box 77, Ghana.ORCID 0000-0002-2447-1830
Israel A SefahPharmacy Practice Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe PMB 31, Ghana.ORCID 0000-0001-6963-0519
Daniel AfriyiePharmacy Department, Ghana Police Hospital, Accra P.O. Box CT104, Ghana.ORCID 0000-0001-8859-3565
Eunice T TagoeDepartment of Management Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0QU, UK.
Adefolarin A AmuPharmacy Department, Eswatini Medical Christian University, P.O. Box A624, Swazi Plaza, Mbabane H100, Eswatini.
Mlungisi P MsibiFaculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Eswatini Medical Christian University, Swazi Plaza P.O. Box A624, Mbabane H100, Eswatini.
Ayukafangha EtandoDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eswatini Medical Christian University, Swazi Plaza P.O. Box A624, Mbabane H100, Eswatini.ORCID 0000-0001-5678-4121
Mobolaji E AlabiSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-natal (UKZN), Durban 4001, South Africa.
Patrick OkwenEffective Basic Services (eBASE) Africa, Ndamukong Street, Bamenda 5175, Cameroon.ORCID 0000-0002-9017-7496
Loveline Lum NibaEffective Basic Services (eBASE) Africa, Ndamukong Street, Bamenda 5175, Cameroon.
Julius C MwitaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone P.O. Box 70480, Botswana.
Godfrey M RwegereraDepartment of Medicine, Sir Ketumile Masire Teaching Hospital, Gaborone P.O. Box 70480, Botswana.ORCID 0000-0002-5896-6065
Joyce KgatlwaneDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Botswana, Gaborone P.O. Box 70480, Botswana.
Ammar A JairounHealth and Safety Department, Dubai Municipality, Dubai P.O. Box 67, United Arab Emirates.ORCID 0000-0002-4471-0878
Chioma EjekamDepartment of Community Health, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos PMB 21266, Nigeria.
Rooyen T MavenyengwaMedical Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare P.O. Box MP167, Zimbabwe.
Irene Murimi-WorstellSchool of Pharmacy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Stephen M CampbellDepartment of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 02084, South Africa.
Johanna C MeyerDepartment of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 02084, South Africa.
Ekiti State University · NGKamuzu Central Hospital · MWLagos State University · NGUniversity of Bamenda · CMUniversity of Botswana · BWUniversity of Nairobi · KEUniversity of Strathclyde · GBUniversity of Zambia · ZMUniversity of Zimbabwe · ZW37 Military Hospital · GHArmed Forces College of Medicine · EGBusitema University · UGChildren Cancer Hospital · EGDepartment of Health · ZADubai Health Authority · AEEgerton University · KEHubert Kairuki Memorial University · TZKorle Bu Teaching Hospital · GHLagos State University Teaching Hospital · NGLagos University Teaching Hospital · NG

Funding

Medical Research Council MC_PC_16090
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The introduction of effective vaccines in December 2020 marked a significant step forward in the global response to COVID-19. Given concerns with access, acceptability, and hesitancy across Africa, there is a need to describe the current status of vaccine uptake in the continent. An exploratory study was undertaken to investigate these aspects, current challenges, and lessons learnt across Africa to provide future direction. Senior personnel across 14 African countries completed a self-administered questionnaire, with a descriptive analysis of the data. Vaccine roll-out commenced in March 2021 in most countries. COVID-19 vaccination coverage varied from low in Cameroon and Tanzania and up to 39.85% full coverage in Botswana at the end of 2021; that is, all doses advocated by initial protocols versus the total population, with rates increasing to 58.4% in Botswana by the end of June 2022. The greatest increase in people being fully vaccinated was observed in Uganda (20.4% increase), Botswana (18.5% increase), and Zambia (17.9% increase). Most vaccines were obtained through WHO-COVAX agreements. Initially, vaccination was prioritised for healthcare workers (HCWs), the elderly, adults with co-morbidities, and other at-risk groups, with countries now commencing vaccination among children and administering booster doses. Challenges included irregular supply and considerable hesitancy arising from misinformation fuelled by social media activities. Overall, there was fair to reasonable access to vaccination across countries, enhanced by government initiatives. Vaccine hesitancy must be addressed with context-specific interventions, including proactive programmes among HCWs, medical journalists, and the public.

Indexed as

African countriesavailabilitychallengesCOVID-19hesitancypolicy implicationssocial mediavaccination

Identifiers

PMID36146631
PMCPMC9504201
OpenAlexW4296757308

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.