ReviewVaccines2022
Causes of Vaccine Hesitancy in Adults for the Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Literature Review.
Review in Vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in pediatrics: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- An effective COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy intervention focused on the relative risks of vaccination and infection.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Comparative analysis of parental hesitancy toward influenza vaccination for children versus themselves in post-pandemic China: A cross-sectional study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- The effect of short message reminders on seasonal influenza vaccination rates in the geriatric population.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Longitudinal assessment of influenza vaccination coverage in Spain: The "Gripómetro" as a real-time monitoring tool.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- The Access Paradox: A Decade of Expanded Influenza Vaccine Access That Did Not Close a Racial Disparity.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Review
- Higher Pediatric Influenza Vaccination Coverage in Pooled Northern Hemisphere Countries with Public Access to Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine: Implications for Immunization Policy.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Shifting Attitudes from Willingness to Uptake in COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccination-Associated Factors and Reported Reasons.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Adult Vaccination Among Medical Students in Western India.Cureus · 2026Article
- Shared and vaccine-specific factors associated with COVID-19 and influenza vaccination intentions among adults in Poland: a COM-B-informed cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Chinese residents: A national cross-sectional survey in the community setting.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Underreporting of Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination Among Healthcare Professionals in Poland: Potential Implications for Vaccine Hesitancy.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine decision: What attitudes can we expect from young Poles in the future? A cross-sectional, representative survey.International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health · 2025Article
- The Influence of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Influenza Vaccination Refusal and Patient Satisfaction.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Influenza Vaccination Among Patients Undergoing Treatment for Rheumatological Disorders: Awareness, Vaccination Rates, and Influencing Factors.Archives of rheumatology · 2025Article
- Article
- General Population and Healthcare Professionals' Level of Knowledge of the Burden and Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in France.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- A Greek Nationwide Survey About Sources of Information on Seasonal Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccination Used by Healthcare Facility Staff During the Pandemic.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Change in influenza vaccine uptake among adults in the United States from May 2020 to October 2024.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Adolescents' knowledge of and confidence in vaccines improves with board game play.Discover education · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVaccine hesitancy was labelled as one of the top ten threats to global health by the World Health Organization in 2019 and is associated with negative health outcomes. Previous reviews on cause of vaccines have not included vaccine hesitancy related to the COVID-19 vaccine. This review aimed to fill this gap by synthesising the findings of studies identifying causes of vaccine hesitancy to the COVID-19 and influenza vaccines.
methodsA systematic literature review was conducted. Searches were carried out in the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. Following data extraction, a thematic analysis was conducted of the causes of vaccine hesitancy in adults for the influenza and COVID-19 vaccines.
resultsFourteen papers were included. Four themes were identified as causes of vaccine hesitancy comprising: concerns over safety, lack of trust, lack of need for vaccination and cultural reasons. While concerns over safety were found in all countries, some of these were specific to particular countries and cultures. Our findings suggest that scientific knowledge of vaccines and size of clinical trials during their development reduce vaccine hesitancy. However, pharmaceutical companies were not a trusted source of information.
conclusionOur findings build on those of previous research to suggest specific information that may be helpful in addressing vaccine hesitancy. Targeted approaches from trusted sources are needed to address specific safety concerns.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.