ArticleVaccines2022
T-Cell Responses Induced by an Intradermal BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Booster Following Primary Vaccination with Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine.
Article in Vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances and Strategies in Enhancing mRNA Cancer Vaccines.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- Tailoring mRNA lipid nanoparticles for antifungal vaccines.PLoS pathogens · 2025Review
- Safety and immunogenicity of Ad5-nCoV administered intradermally by needle-free injector in rats.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- The characterization of CD8Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Review
- Carrier-free mRNA vaccine induces robust immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in mice and non-human primates without systemic reactogenicity.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- Intradermal Fractional ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Booster Vaccine Induces Memory T Cells: A Follow-Up Study.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Article
- mRNA vaccine designs for optimal adjuvanticity and delivery.RNA biology · 2024Review
- mRNA nanodelivery systems: targeting strategies and administration routes.Biomaterials research · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A practical booster vaccine is urgently needed to control the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We have previously reported the safety and immunogenicity of a fractional intradermal booster, using the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in healthy volunteers who had completed two doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. In this study, an intramuscular booster at full dosage was used as a control, and a half-dose vaccination was included for reciprocal comparison. Detailed T-cell studies are essential to understand cellular responses to vaccination. T-cell immunity was examined using S1 peptide restimulation and flow cytometry. The fractional dose (1:5) of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine enhanced antigen-specific effector T-cells, but the responses were less remarkable compared to the intramuscular booster at full dosage. However, the intradermal regimen was not inferior to the intramuscular booster a month after boosting. An intradermal booster using only one-fifth of the standard dosage could provide comparable T-cell responses with the fractional intramuscular booster. This work confirms the efficacy of intradermal and fractional vaccination in terms of T-cell immunogenicity in previously immunised populations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.