ReviewVaccines2022
Preventing the Next Pandemic: Is Live Vaccine Efficacious against Monkeypox, or Is There a Need for Killed Virus and mRNA Vaccines?
Review in Vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials Using mRNA Vaccines for Infectious Diseases other than COVID-19.British journal of biomedical science · 2025Pooled it
- The use of antivirals in the treatment of human monkeypox outbreaks: a systematic review.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Pooled it
- An open-label, non-randomized study investigating the safety and efficacy of smallpox vaccine, LC16, as post-exposure prophylaxis for mpox.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Trial
- A Global Health Alert on the Re-Emergence of Mpox a Viral Zoonotic Illness Its Prevention and Management: A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2026Article
- mRNA vaccines against monkeypox: bridging immunoinformatics, structural vaccinology, and translational advances toward pan-orthopox immunity.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Article
- Insights into Monkeypox Virus: Host Immunity, Viral Immune Evasion, Recent Advances in Vaccines, Therapeutic Development, and Future Perspectives.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- The Emerging Threat of Monkeypox: An Updated Overview.Viruses · 2026Review
- Review
- Comparative analysis of Mpox clades: epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and detection strategies.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Potential of MRNA vaccines for mpox prevention: current evidence and future directions.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Identification of a novel ectromelia virus from rodent: Implications for use as an in vivo infection model for vaccine and antiviral research.Virologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Safety and Efficacy of Repurposed Smallpox Vaccines Against Mpox: A Critical Review of ACAM2000, JYNNEOS, and LC16.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Review
- Comprehensive Genomic, Mutation, Phylogenetic, and Statistical Analysis of the Monkeypox Virus Across Multiple Countries.Indian journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Revolution of AAV in Drug Discovery: From Delivery System to Clinical Application.Journal of medical virology · 2025Review
- Exploring monkeypox virus antibody levels: insights from human immunological research.Virology journal · 2025Review
- Detection of mpox and other orthopoxviruses using a lateral flow device as a point-of-care diagnostic.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Current status of next-generation vaccines against mpox virus: a scoping review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Navigating monkeypox: identifying risks and implementing solutions.Open veterinary journal · 2024Review
- The resurgence of monkeypox: Epidemiology, clinical features, and public health implications in the post-smallpox eradication era.New microbes and new infections · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
27 authors at 20 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
(1) Background: The monkeypox virus (MPV) is a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Poxviridae family, Chordopoxvirinae subfamily, and Orthopoxvirus genus. It was called monkeypox because it was first discovered in monkeys, in a Danish laboratory, in 1958. However, the actual reservoir for MPV is still unknown. (2) Methods and Results: We have reviewed the existing literature on the options for Monkeypox virus. There are three available vaccines for orthopoxviruses-ACAM2000, JYNNEOS, and LC16-with the first being a replicating vaccine and the latter being non- or minimally replicating. (3) Conclusions: Smallpox vaccinations previously provided coincidental immunity to MPV. ACAM2000 (a live-attenuated replicating vaccine) and JYNNEOS (a live-attenuated, nonreplicating vaccine) are two US FDA-approved vaccines that can prevent monkeypox. However, ACAM2000 may cause serious side effects, including cardiac problems, whereas JYNNEOS is associated with fewer complications. The recent outbreaks across the globe have once again highlighted the need for constant monitoring and the development of novel prophylactic and therapeutic modalities. Based on available data, there is still a need to develop an effective and safe new generation of vaccines specific for monkeypox that are killed or developed into a mRNA vaccine before monkeypox is declared a pandemic.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.