ArticlePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Alzheimer's Disease Severity Is Associated with an Imbalance in Serum Levels of Enzymes Regulating Plasmin Synthesis.
Article in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- The Double-Edged Sword Effect of the Fibrinolytic System in Alzheimer's Disease.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Bridging the barrier: insights into blood biomarkers and therapeutic strategies targeting choroid plexus and BBB dysfunction in alzheimer's disease.Biomarker research · 2025Review
- Diagnostic dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging blood-brain barrier assessment combined with plasma biomarkers for mild cognitive impairment.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
- Causal association of plasminogen activators and their inhibitors with Alzheimer's disease: a Mendelian randomization study.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2025Article
- Delivery of Neuroregenerative Proteins to the Brain for Treatments of Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Serum Levels of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2024Article
- Serum PAI-1/BDNF Ratio Is Increased in Alzheimer's Disease and Correlates with Disease Severity.ACS omega · 2023Article
- Vascular Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease: Alterations in the Plasma Contact and Fibrinolytic Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Two decades of astrocytes in neurovascular coupling.Frontiers in network physiology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central nervous system (CNS) disease characterized by loss of memory, cognitive functions, and neurodegeneration. Plasmin is an enzyme degrading many plasma proteins. In the CNS, plasmin may reduce the accumulation of beta amyloid (Aβ) and have other actions relevant to AD pathophysiology. Brain plasmin synthesis is regulated by two enzymes: one activating, the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and the other inhibiting, the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). We investigated the levels of tPA and PAI-1 in serum from 40 AD and 40 amnestic mild cognitively impaired (aMCI) patients compared to 10 cognitively healthy controls. Moreover, we also examined the PAI-1/tPA ratio in these patient groups. Venous blood was collected and the PAI-1 and tPA serum concentrations were quantified using sandwich ELISAs. The results showed that PAI-1 levels increased in AD and aMCI patients. This increase negatively correlated with cognitive performance measured using the Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE). Similarly, the ratio between tPA and PAI-1 gradually increases in aMCI and AD patients. This study demonstrates that AD and aMCI patients have altered PAI-1 serum levels and PAI-1/tPA ratio. Since these enzymes are CNS regulators of plasmin, PAI-1 serum levels could be a marker reflecting cognitive decline in AD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.