ArticleNutrients2022
Mucosal Healing in Celiac Disease: Villous Architecture and Immunohistochemical Features in Children on a Long-Term Gluten Free Diet.
Article in Nutrients, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- European Society for the Study of Coeliac Disease (ESsCD) 2025 Updated Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Coeliac Disease in Adults. Part 2: Management, Follow-Up, and Complex Disease Courses.United European gastroenterology journal · 2026Guideline
- Serum Zonulin and Chitinase (CHI3L1) as Biomarkers of Intestinal Permeability and Disease Activity in Pediatric Celiac Disease.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Human Transglutaminases: Updated Insights into Activation Mechanisms, Allosteric Regulation and Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Ironing Out the Deficiency: Tracking Iron in Celiac Disease Before and After the Gluten-Free Diet.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Celiac Disease as a Model of Intestinal Malnutrition: Mechanisms and Nutritional Management.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Immunohistochemistry to Highlight Intraepithelial Lymphocytes in Formalin-Fixed and Frozen Duodenal Biopsies: Comparability of Results and Cut-Off Revision.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2025Article
- Management Strategy for Non-Responsive and Refractory Celiac Disease in Adults: A Review Article.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Restoration of the lamina propria duodenal immune infiltrate in gluten-free diet treated celiac patients despite persistent villous atrophy.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Article
- Prevalence of acute reactions to gluten contamination of the diet in children with celiac disease.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Effect of Gluten-Free Diet on Metabolic Control and Growth Parameters Among Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes During the First Year After Diagnosis of Celiac Disease: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.Pediatric diabetes · 2025Article
- Article
- Nutritional Status and Metabolism in Celiac Disease: Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Predictors of slow responsiveness and partial mucosal recovery in adult patients with celiac disease.Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Considerable heterogeneity exists across studies assessing intestinal mucosal recovery in celiac (CD) patients on a gluten-free diet (GFD). We aimed at investigating histological and immunohistochemical features in CD patients on a long-term GFD and to correlate them to the GFD duration. Morphometrical and immunohistochemical analysis were retrospectively performed on duodenal biopsies in three groups of children: 33 on a long-term (>2 years) GFD (GFD-group), four of which remained seropositive despite dietary adherence, 31 with villous atrophy (ACD-group) and 76 heathy, non-celiac (CTR-group). Moreover, in the GFD-group, we correlated immunohistochemical alterations to the GFD duration. The villous to crypt (V/C) ratio significantly improved after the GFD and completely normalized in all patients, becoming even higher than in the CTR-group (median value 3.2 vs. 3, p = 0.007). In parallel, the number of CD3+ and TCRγδ+ cells in the epithelium were significantly reduced in the GFD compared to ACD patients, even if they remained higher than in the CTR-group (p < 0.05). In contrast, CD25+ cells in the lamina propria significantly decreased after the GFD (p < 0.05) and become comparable to the CTR-group (p = 0.9). In the GFD-group there was no difference in the immunohistochemical parameters between seropositive and seronegative patients and alterations did not correlate to GFD length. In conclusion, a GFD is able to both restore a normal V/C ratio and reduce inflammation, but the epithelium maintains some stigmata of the disorder, such as an increased number of CD3+ and TCRγδ+ cells. These alterations persist regardless of the duration of the GFD.
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