ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Understanding the Pharmacology of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: Playing Dice with the Spike?
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Induces Time-Dependent and Brain-Region-Specific Alterations in Ferroptosis Markers: A Preliminary Study in K18-hACE2 Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Zinc: a metallic shield against cardiac inflammation.Metallomics : integrated biometal science · 2026Review
- Cross-Priming and Cross-Tolerance After Intramuscular mRNA Vaccination for Viral Infections: Feasibility and Implications.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Post-COVID-19 Vaccine Hyperproduction of Anti-Spike Antibodies and Rheumatological Manifestations.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Soluble SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein: considering some potential pathogenic effects.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Restoring trust in vaccination: listening to patients and acknowledging Post-Acute COVID Vaccine Syndrome.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- The Possible Mechanistic Basis of Individual Susceptibility to Spike Protein Injury.Advances in virology · 2025Review
- De novo myasthenia gravis in a patient with malignant melanoma after concurrent SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: Case report and literature review.eNeurologicalSci · 2024Article
- Article
- The COVID-19 inflammation and high mortality mechanism trigger.Immunogenetics · 2024Review
- Increased Risk of Thyroid Eye Disease Following Covid-19 Vaccination.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: Lessons Learned from the Registrational Trials and Global Vaccination Campaign.Cureus · 2024Review
- Lyophilization process optimization and molecular dynamics simulation of mRNA-LNPs for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Updated Considerations for the Immunopharmacological Aspects of the "Talented mRNA Vaccines".Vaccines · 2023Review
- 'Spikeopathy': COVID-19 Spike Protein Is Pathogenic, from Both Virus and Vaccine mRNA.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Class switch towards spike protein-specific IgG4 antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination depends on prior infection history.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- In response to Detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG in human milk and breastfeeding infant stool 6 months after maternal COVID-19 vaccination.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Article
- Evolution and Progress of mRNA Vaccines in the Treatment of Melanoma: Future Prospects.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Immune Response and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Adverse Effects of Spike Proteins from SARS-CoV-2 and mRNA Vaccines.Biomedicines · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines are the mainstays of mass vaccination campaigns in most Western countries. However, the emergency conditions in which their development took place made it impossible to fully characterize their effects and mechanism of action. Here, we summarize and discuss available evidence indicating that COVID-19 mRNA vaccines better reflect pharmaceutical drugs than conventional vaccines, as they do not contain antigens but an active SARS-CoV-2 S protein mRNA, representing at the same time an active principle and a prodrug, which upon intracellular translation results in the endogenous production of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. Both vaccine-derived SARS-CoV-2 S protein mRNA and the resulting S protein exhibit a complex pharmacology and undergo systemic disposition. Defining COVID-19 mRNA vaccines as pharmaceutical drugs has straightforward implications for their pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, clinical and post-marketing safety assessment. Only an accurate characterization of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines as pharmaceutical drugs will guarantee a safe, rational and individualized use of these products.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.