SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
An International Systematic Review of Prevalence, Risk, and Protective Factors Associated with Young People's E-Cigarette Use.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of vaping prevention campaign messages on cognitive and behaviorally proximal outcomes among adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- A global prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use among students: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 4,189,145 subjects.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of E-Cigarette Use among Adolescents in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Australian Women's Perspectives on Preventing Postpartum Relapse or Quitting Smoking or Vaping in the Postpartum Year.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- A Preconception Cohort Study of Nicotine Vaping and Incidence of Spontaneous Abortion.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Electronic cigarette use, related health outcomes and policy interventions in the USA: a call for research to fill evidence gaps.Tobacco control · 2026Review
- Experimental in vitro simulation of the impact of e-cigarette vapors on enamel and dentin.Odontology · 2026Article
- Nicotine dependence associated with e-cigarette use, depressive symptoms, and psychological resilience among northern Thai adolescents: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Multi-level Risk and Protective Factors for Vaping Onset and Escalation Among Youth: a Focus on LGBTQ + Disparities.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026Review
- Trends in e-cigarette use among adolescents in Malaysia, 2016-2022: A secondary dataset analysis of national surveys.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Association between tobacco-related social environment and e-cigarette use among young adults in northern Vietnam: A cross-sectional study with latent class analysis.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Prevalence and patterns of e-cigarette use among school-aged adolescents in Peru, 2024.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Who Reports Greater Chronic Disease Risk Behaviours? A Closer Look at Sociodemographic Differences Among Australian Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2025Article
- Analysis of the Dual Use of Electronic Cigarettes and Conventional Tobacco According to the Survey on Alcohol and Other Drugs in the General Population in Spain (EDADES 2022).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Exploring the relationship between lifestyle factors and depressive symptoms in Korean adolescents amid the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- The Impact of Health Warnings in e-Cigarette Content on Instagram on Adults' e-Cigarette Cognitions: Online Between-Subjects Experiment Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Review
- Associations between interpersonal violence and cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use, and dual use among Mexican adolescent students.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Vaping health perceptions and never vaping among Australian adolescents: a strength-based analysis of cross-sectional survey data.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
While the prevalence of young people's conventional cigarette use has decreased in many countries, the use of e-cigarettes has risen. To effectively counteract the growing popularity of e-cigarettes among young people internationally, researchers should know the exact prevalence as well as the protective and risk factors associated with vaping. Based on five eligibility criteria, 53 articles were chosen and analyzed by general characteristics, prevalence, sample characteristics, gender difference, protective factors, and risk factors. In this study, the international pooled prevalence of young people's lifetime e-cigarette use was 15.3%, the current use was 7.7%, and dual use was 4.0%. While the highest lifetime, current, and dual prevalence were found in Sweden, Canada, and the United Kingdom, respectively, the lowest prevalence was found in Germany, followed by South Korea and Sweden. Some protective and risk factors include perceived cost and danger of vaping, parental monitoring, internal developmental assets, cigarette use, family and peer smoking, exposure to online advertisements, and the presence of nearby retail stores. Based on this review, researchers and practitioners can develop different intervention programs and strategies for young smokers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.